Verš 1
Act now, you who are wealthy! Weep and wail in your miseries, which will soon come upon you!
Prís 11:28 - Whoever trusts in his riches will fall. But the just shall spring up like a green leaf.
Am 6:1 - Woe to you who have been wealthy in Zion, and to you who have confidence in the mountain of Samaria: aristocrats, heads of the people, who advance with a retinue into the house of Israel.
Lk 6:24 - Yet truly, woe to you who are wealthy, for you have your consolation.
1Tim 6:9 - For those who want to become rich fall into temptation and into the snare of the devil and into many useless and harmful desires, which submerge men in destruction and in perdition.
Verš 3
Your gold and silver have rusted, and their rust will be a testimony against you, and it will eat away at your flesh like fire. You have stored up wrath for yourselves unto the last days.
Mt 6:19 - Do not choose to store up for yourselves treasures on earth: where rust and moth consume, and where thieves break in and steal.
Rim 2:5 - But in accord with your hard and impenitent heart, you store up wrath for yourself, unto the day of wrath and of revelation by the just judgment of God.
Verš 4
Consider the pay of the workers who reaped your fields: it has been misappropriated by you; it cries out. And their cry has entered into the ears of the Lord of hosts.
Lv 19:13 - You shall not slander your neighbor, nor shall you oppress him by violence. The wages of a hired hand, you shall not delay with you until tomorrow.
Dt 24:14 - You shall not refuse the pay of the indigent and the poor, whether he is your brother, or he is a new arrival who dwells with you in the land and is within your gates.
Verš 5
You have feasted upon the earth, and you have nourished your hearts with luxuries, unto the day of slaughter.
Jób 21:13 - Their days are prolonged in wealth, yet, in an instant, they descend into hell.
Lk 16:19 - A certain man was wealthy, and he was clothed in purple and in fine linen. And he feasted splendidly every day.
Lk 16:25 - And Abraham said to him: ‘Son, recall that you received good things in your life, and in comparison, Lazarus received bad things. But now he is consoled, and truly you are tormented.
Verš 11
Consider that we beatify those who have endured. You have heard of the patient suffering of Job. And you have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is merciful and compassionate.
Mt 5:11 - Blessed are you when they have slandered you, and persecuted you, and spoken all kinds of evil against you, falsely, for my sake:
Jób 1:21 - and he said, “Naked I departed from my mother’s womb, and naked I shall return. The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away. Just as it pleased the Lord, so has it been done. Blessed be the name of the Lord.”
Lv 14:18 - and upon his head.
Ž 103:8 - The mountains ascend, and the plains descend, to the place which you have founded for them.
Verš 12
But before all things, my brothers, do not choose to swear, neither by heaven, nor by the earth, nor in any other oath. But let your word ‘Yes’ be yes, and your word ‘No’ be no, so that you may not fall under judgment.
Mt 5:34 - But I say to you, do not swear an oath at all, neither by heaven, for it is the throne of God,
2Kor 1:17 - Then, although I had intended this, did I act lightly? Or in the things that I consider, do I consider according to the flesh, so that there would be, with me, both Yes and No?
Verš 13
Is any of you sad? Let him pray. Is he even-tempered? Let him sing psalms.
Ef 5:19 - speaking among yourselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual canticles, singing and reciting psalms to the Lord in your hearts,
Kol 3:16 - Let the word of Christ live in you in abundance, with all wisdom, teaching and correcting one another, with psalms, hymns, and spiritual canticles, singing to God with the grace in your hearts.
Verš 14
Is anyone ill among you? Let him bring in the priests of the Church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord.
Mk 6:13 - And they cast out many demons, and they anointed 586 many of the sick with oil and healed them.
Verš 17
Elijah was a mortal man like us, and in prayer he prayed that it would not rain upon the earth. And it did not rain for three years and six months.
1Kr 17:1 - And Elijah the Tishbite, from the inhabitants of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As the Lord lives, the God of Israel, in whose sight I stand, there shall not be dew or rain during these years, except by the words of my mouth.”
Lk 4:25 - In truth, I say to you, there were many widows in the days of Elijah in Israel, when the heavens were closed for three years and six months, when a great famine had occurred throughout the entire land.
Verš 18
And he prayed again. And the heavens gave rain, and the earth brought forth her fruit.
1Kr 18:45 - And as he was turning himself this way and that, behold, the heavens were darkened, and there were clouds and wind, and a great rainstorm occurred. And so Ahab, going up, went away to Jezreel.
Verš 19
My brothers, if anyone of you strays from the truth, and if someone converts him,
Mt 18:15 - But if your brother has sinned against you, go and correct him, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you will have regained your brother.
Verš 20
he ought to know that whoever causes a sinner to be converted from the error of his ways will save his soul from death and will cover a multitude of sins.
Prís 10:12 - Hatred rises up from disputes. And charity covers all offenses.
1Pt 4:8 - But, before all things, have a constant mutual charity among yourselves. For love covers a multitude of sins.
Jak 5,1-6 - Prísne slová boháčom, ktorí otročia mamone a pre ňu sa dopúšťajú ťažkých a do neba volajúcich krívd voči iným.
Jak 5,2 - Jakub používa minulý čas, aby predstavil budúce veci, posledný súd.
Jak 5,3 - "Hrdza bude svedčiť proti vám," t. j. bude svedčiť o vašej nespravodlivosti a bezcitnosti voči blížnemu. "Posledné dni" tu znamenajú mesiášske časy, ale tak, že svätopisec hľadí zároveň na čas posledného súdu, ktorý nastane na konci tohto obdobia.
Jak 5,5 - "Vykŕmili ste si srdcia," t. j. ukojili ste si a ukájate zmyselné žiadosti, a to "na deň zakáľačky", t. j. keď Boží súd už takmer nastáva.
Jak 5,7 - "Včasný i neskorý dážď." Včasný je jesenný (v októbri), neskorý jarný (v marci). Od týchto dvoch období dažďov závisela úroda.
Jak 5,11 - Porov. Ž 103, 8.
Jak 5,12 - Porov. Mt 5, 35–37.
Jak 5,14-16 - Dôležitý text o sviatosti pomazania chorých. Túto sviatosť ustanovil Kristus. Ako v každej sviatosti i tu je viditeľný znak neviditeľnej milosti – modlitba v Pánovom mene a mazanie olejom – a sviatostný účinok – osobitná milosť Ducha Svätého, ktorá napomáha spásu celého človeka: dáva úľavu na tele i na duši, prípadne uzdravenie a odpustenie hriechov.
Jak 5,14 - "V Pánovom mene," t. j. z Pánovho poverenia a jeho mocou. "Starší Cirkvi," t. j. "presbyteri", predstavení Cirkvi.
Jak 5,15 - "Modlitba s vierou." t. j. modlitba, ktorú kňaz koná vtedy, keď chorého maže olejom. "Ak sa dopustil hriechov, odpustia sa mu," a to nielen všedné, ale aj ťažké, ak sa chorý nemôže z nich spovedať a má aspoň nedokonalú ľútosť.
Jak 5,16 - "Vyznávajte si teda navzájom hriechy." Mnohí tieto slová vysvetľujú ako nesviatostné vyznanie hriechov čiže všeobecné vyznanie hriechov. No keďže svätý Jakub používa spojku "teda", hovorí tieto slová na záver toho, čo povedal v predchádzajúcom verši. Podľa toho niektorí považujú za správnejší výklad, podľa ktorého Jakub predpokladá, že chorý, ktorý si zavolal starších, čiže kňazov, aby sa nad ním modlili a pomazali ho olejom, vyzná sa im aj zo svojich hriechov, a že teda v tomto 16. verši hovorí o sviatostnom vyznaní, o sviatosti zmierenia. V prvých kresťanských časoch sa takéto vyznanie konalo často aj verejne, na znak pokornej kajúcnosti a ľútosti.
Jak 5,17 - Porov. 1 Kr 17 a 18 (aj Lk 4, 25).
Jak 5,20 - Porov. Ž 51, 15; Prís 10, 12; 1 Pt 4, 8. "Zakryje množstvo hriechov," t. j. privedie ho k pravému pokániu, a tak získa odpustenie. Záver listu je vznešeným ohlasom kresťanskej lásky: zachrániť blúdiacich bratov.
