1. kniha Samuelova

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(KJV - Anglický - King James)

1Sam 21, 1-15

1 Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee? 2 And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, Let no man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place. 3 Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of bread in mine hand, or what there is present. 4 And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have kept themselves at least from women. 5 And David answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel. 6 So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away. 7 Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul. 8 And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste. 9 And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me. 10 And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath. 11 And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands? 12 And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath. 13 And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard. 14 Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me? 15 Have I need of mad men, that ye have brought this fellow to play the mad man in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?

Verš 11

And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

1Sam 18:7 - And the women answered one another as they played, and said, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands.

Verš 6

So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away.

Mt 12:3 - But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;

Mk 2:25 - And he said unto them, Have ye never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungred, he, and they that were with him?

Lk 6:3 - And Jesus answering them said, Have ye not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was an hungred, and they which were with him;

1Sam 21,2 - Nob bol severne od Jeruzalema (Iz 10,32). Ale boli aj iné mestá tohto alebo podobného mena. Nevieme s istotou, o ktorom z nich je tu reč. Po zborení Šíla sem priniesli svätostánok. Achimelech je asi ten kňaz, ktorý sa v 14,3 volá Achiáš. Kňaz sa diví, že kráľov zať a vojvodca prichádza tak nečakane a bez sprievodu.

1Sam 21,3 - Dávidovu lož, ktorú použil z núdze, Sväté písmo len naznačuje, ale neschvaľuje.

1Sam 21,5 - Sväté chleby boli predkladné chleby zo svätostánku. Porov. Lv 24,8; 7,12–14; 8,26. Kňazi ich zamenili každú sobotu a smeli ich jesť len oni. Achimelech dáva Dávidovi a jeho sluhom úľavu (porov. Mt 12,3; Mk 2,25; Lk 6,3), aby v núdzi mohli tieto chleby jesť. Ale rituálna čistota, ktorú porušil aj manželský styk, je nevyhnutnou podmienkou, preto sa Achimelech spytuje, či sa zdržiavali od žien.

1Sam 21,6 - Obrannú vojnu pokladali za vec svedomia. Preto museli ísť do boja čistí a museli sa zdržovať manželského styku. Hoci podujatie, ktoré Dávid predstiera, nie je podujatie vojenské, jednako sú telá (doslovne: nádoby) Dávidových sprievodcov čisté.

1Sam 21,7 - Chlieb, ktorý Achimelech dáva Dávidovi, bol už odnesený zo svätostánku. Tam boli už chleby čerstvé (doslovne: teplé).

1Sam 21,8 - Doeg bol pôvodom pohan, Edomčan, ale prijal náboženstvo Izraelitov, ináč by nebol mal prístup ku svätostánku.

1Sam 21,10 - Veľkňazské rúcho efód bolo uložené kdesi pri svätostánku a za ním bol schovaný aj Goliášov meč. Bolo zvykom, že víťazi ukladali ukoristené zbrane pri svätyniach.

1Sam 21,12 - Slová: "Kráľ krajiny" sú asi neskorší dodatok, lebo Dávid vtedy ešte nebol v skutočnosti kráľom. Že ho Samuel pomazal za kráľa, o tom Filištínci nemohli vedieť.

1Sam 21,14 - Dávid počítal s poverčivou domnienkou pohanov, že sú choromyseľní posadnutí nejakým božstvom, a preto sú svätí a nedotknuteľní.