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Kniha Rút

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(VUL - Latinský - Nova Vulgata)

Rút 1, 1-22

1 (VUL) In diebus, quando iudices praeerant, facta est fames in ter ra. Abiitque homo de Bethlehem Iudae, ut peregrinaretur in regione Moabitide cum uxore sua ac duobus liberis.
1 (UKJV) Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehemjudah went to sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons.

2 (VUL) Ipse vocabatur Elimelech et uxor eius Noemi et duo filii alter Mahalon et alter Chelion Ephrathaei de Bethlehem Iudae. Ingressique regionem Moabitidem morabantur ibi.
2 (UKJV) And the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife Naomi, and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Bethlehemjudah. And they came into the country of Moab, and continued there.

3 (VUL) Et mortuus est Elimelech maritus Noemi, remansitque ipsa cum filiis,
3 (UKJV) "And Elimelech Naomi's husband died; and she was left, and her two sons. "

4 (VUL) qui acceperunt uxores Moabitidas, quarum una vocabatur Orpha, altera Ruth; manseruntque ibi decem fere annis.
4 (UKJV) "And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there about ten years. "

5 (VUL) Et ambo mortui sunt, Mahalon videlicet et Chelion; remansitque mulier orbata duobus liberis ac marito.
5 (UKJV) "And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband. "

6 (VUL) Et surrexit, ut in patriam pergeret cum utraque nuru sua de regione Moabitide; audierat enim quod respexisset Dominus populum suum et dedisset eis escas.
6 (UKJV) Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the LORD had visited his people in giving them bread.

7 (VUL) Egressa est itaque de loco peregrinationis suae cum utraque nuru et, iam in via posita revertendi in terram Iudae,
7 (UKJV) "Wherefore she went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters in law with her; and they went on the way to return unto the land of Judah. "

8 (VUL) dixit ad eas: “ Ite in domum matris vestrae; faciat Dominus vobiscum misericordiam, sicut fecistis cum mortuis et mecum:
8 (UKJV) And Naomi said unto her two daughters in law, Go, return each to her mother's house: the LORD deal kindly with you, as all of you have dealt with the dead, and with me.

9 (VUL) det vobis invenire requiem in domibus virorum, quos sortiturae estis ”. Et osculata est eas. Quae elevata voce flere coeperunt
9 (UKJV) "The LORD grant you that all of you may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband. Then she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, and wept. "

10 (VUL) et dicere: “ Tecum pergemus ad populum tuum ”.
10 (UKJV) And they said unto her, Surely we will return with you unto your people.

11 (VUL) Quibus illa respondit: “ Revertimini, filiae meae; cur venitis mecum? Num ultra habeo filios in utero meo, ut viros ex me sperare possitis?
11 (UKJV) And Naomi said, Return, my daughters: why will all of you go with me? are there yet any more sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands?

12 (VUL) Revertimini, filiae meae, abite; iam enim senectute confecta sum nec apta vinculo coniugali; etiamsi possem hac nocte concipere et parere filios,
12 (UKJV) "Return, my daughters, go your way; for I am too old to have an husband. If I should say, I have hope, if I should have an husband also to night, and should also bear sons; "

13 (VUL) numquid exspectare velitis et abstinere vos a matrimonio, donec crescant et annos impleant pubertatis? Nolite, quaeso, filiae meae; quia amaritudo est mihi magis quam vobis, et egressa est manus Domini contra me ”.
13 (UKJV) "Would all of you tarry for them till they were grown? would all of you stay for them from having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieves me much for your sakes that the hand of the LORD is gone out against me. "

14 (VUL) Elevata igitur voce, rursum flere coeperunt. Orpha osculata socrum est ac reversa; Ruth autem adhaesit socrui suae.
14 (UKJV) "And they lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed her mother in law; but Ruth clave unto her. "

15 (VUL) Cui dixit Noemi: “ En reversa est cognata tua ad populum suum et ad deos suos; vade cum ea”.
15 (UKJV) And she said, Behold, your sister in law is gone back unto her people, and unto her gods: return you after your sister in law.

16 (VUL) Quae respondit: “Noli instare mihi, ut relinquam te et abeam; quocumque perrexeris, pergam; ubi morata fueris, et ego pariter morabor: populus tuus populus meus et Deus tuus Deus meus.
16 (UKJV) "And Ruth said, Implore me not to leave you, or to return from following after you: for where you go, I will go; and where you lodge, I will lodge: your people shall be my people, and your God my God: "

17 (VUL) Quae te morientem terra susceperit, in ea moriar ibique locum accipiam sepulturae. Haec mihi faciat Dominus et haec addat, si non sola mors me et te separaverit ”.
17 (UKJV) Where you die, will I die, and there will I be buried: the LORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part you and me.

18 (VUL) Videns ergo Noemi quod obstinato Ruth animo decrevisset secum pergere, adversari noluit nec ultra ad suos reditum persuadere.
18 (UKJV) When she saw that she was steadfastly minded to go with her, then she left speaking unto her.

19 (VUL) Profectaeque sunt simul et venerunt in Bethlehem. Quibus urbem ingressis, tota urbs commota est super eas; dicebantque mulieres: “Haec est illa Noemi!”.
19 (UKJV) So they two went until they came to Bethlehem. And it came to pass, when they were come to Bethlehem, that all the city was moved about them, and they said, Is this Naomi?

20 (VUL) Quibus ait: “Ne vocetis me Noemi (id est Pulchram), sed vocate me Mara (hoc est Amaram), quia valde me amaritudine replevit Omnipotens.
20 (UKJV) And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me.

21 (VUL) Egressa sum plena, et vacuam reduxit me Dominus; cur igitur vocatis me Noemi, quam humiliavit Dominus, et afflixit Omnipotens? ”.
21 (UKJV) I went out full and the LORD has brought me home again empty: why then call all of you me Naomi, seeing the LORD has testified against me, and the Almighty has afflicted me?

22 (VUL) Venit ergo Noemi cum Ruth Moabitide nuru sua de terra peregrinationis suae ac reversa est in Bethlehem, quando hordea metere incipiebant.
22 (UKJV) So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest.


Rút 1, 1-22





Rut 1,1 - Moab je krajina, ktorá leží východne od Mŕtveho mora. Najmä rovina pozdĺž Mŕtveho mora je podnes veľmi úrodná. Ale pri dobrom obrábaní sú pozemky úrodné aj na moabskej výšine a kopcoch. Hranice Moabska sa menili. V dobe Sudcov siahali od rieky Arnon (dnes El-Modžib) až po južný koniec Mŕtveho mora (Nm 21,13; Sdc 11,18). Časom postúpili na sever, ďaleko za Arnon až po Hesebon (Hesbán). Tak sa zdá, že v prvých časoch Sudcov Moabčania zaujali aj okolie Jericha, a tak Izraeliti, osadení v Jerichu a na okolí, stali sa im poplatníkmi (Sdc 3,12 n.). Veľké priateľstvo nebolo medzi Izraelitmi a Moabčanmi. Ukázalo sa to už pri prechode Izraelitov cez ich krajinu, keď tiahli do zasľúbenej zeme (Nm 22), a tak aj v neskorších dejinách, keď sa Moab stal poplatníkom kráľov izraelských. Ale vždy si vedel vybojovať svoju nezávislosť.

Rut 1,2 - Elimelech a jeho rod je označený prívlastkom: Efratejci. Pochádzajú od Efraty, manželky Kalebovej (1 Krn 2,19). Ich potomstvo bývalo v Betleheme. Preto mal Betlehem aj meno Efrata (Gn 35,16 a 19; Mich 5,2).

Rut 1,8-9 - Noemi praje svojim nevestám plné požehnanie od Boha, ktoré by sa prejavilo v tom, žeby sa jej ovdovelé nevesty znovu mohli vydať. Osud vdovy u východných národov bol veľmi krušný. Po manželovej smrti stala sa obyčajne cudzou rodine zosnulého manžela a jej vlastní pokrvní ju zasa pokladali za cudziu, odkedy sa vydala. Tak ostala vdova mnoho ráz úplne opustená. Preto odporúča Písmo sv. pomoc vdovám ako zvlášť záslužný skutok milosrdenstva. Tento ťažký osud zaľahol najmä na mladšie vdovy, ak nemali dieťa zo svojho manželstva. Bezdetnosť sa pokladala za veľký trest od Boha, a tak v očiach ľudí bola potupou.

Rut 1,11-13 - Ani Noemi nemala výhľad na ďalších synov, aby si títo, podľa povinnosti zákonom stanovenej o švagrovskom manželstve, vzali vdovy po bratoch za manželky (Dt 25,5–10).Ak Noemi hovorí o sebe, že jej osud je tvrdší, ako je osud jej neviest, tento jej výrok treba chápať takto: Mať dietky a radovať sa z nich bolo vonkajším znakom priazne Božej. Noemi už ani nemá nádeje, že by vo svojom pokročilom veku mohla ešte porodiť dietky: oproti tomu jej nevesty v Moabsku sa azda ešte môžu vydať a pri svojom mladšom veku môžu mať dietky, ktoré by im boli na radosť.

Rut 1,15 - Podľa vtedajšieho chápania každá krajina mala svojho vlastného boha, ktorý zasa určité územie pokladal za svoje vlastné. Kto sa vrátil do Moabska (ako to robí Orfa), zaväzuje sa tým, že bude naďalej ctiť národného boha Moabčanov (Molocha-Bála). Porov. 1 Sam 26,19; Sdc 11,24. Keď Rút zostáva pri svojom úmysle ísť do Betlehema, toho prirodzeným dôsledkom bolo, že prijala aj úctu Jahveho, ktorý bol zasa Bohom Izraelovým.

Rut 1,16-18 - Možno predpokladať, že Rút aj vo svojom srdci je presvedčená o tom, že Bohu Izraelovmu treba dať prednosť pred všetkými inými bohmi pohanských krajín; preto ochotne chce uctievať Jahveho a prisahá na jeho svätosť.

Rut 1,17 - Nech mi Pán tak urobí… – Čokoľvek určí Pán, či ma požehná, či ma stresce, len smrť nás rozlúči.

Rut 1,20 - Noemi znamená 'Moja rozkoš, Moje potešenie’ (tak asi hovorila matka svojmu malému dieťaťu). Mara znamená 'Horká, Trpká, Plná žalosti, bolesti’.

Rut 1,22 - Žatva v Palestíne sa začína v apríli, máji.