Kniha Rút

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(UKJV - Anglický - Updated King James)

Rút 1, 1-22

1 Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehemjudah went to sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons. 2 And the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife Naomi, and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Bethlehemjudah. And they came into the country of Moab, and continued there. 3 "And Elimelech Naomi's husband died; and she was left, and her two sons. " 4 "And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there about ten years. " 5 "And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband. " 6 Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the LORD had visited his people in giving them bread. 7 "Wherefore she went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters in law with her; and they went on the way to return unto the land of Judah. " 8 And Naomi said unto her two daughters in law, Go, return each to her mother's house: the LORD deal kindly with you, as all of you have dealt with the dead, and with me. 9 "The LORD grant you that all of you may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband. Then she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, and wept. " 10 And they said unto her, Surely we will return with you unto your people. 11 And Naomi said, Return, my daughters: why will all of you go with me? are there yet any more sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands? 12 "Return, my daughters, go your way; for I am too old to have an husband. If I should say, I have hope, if I should have an husband also to night, and should also bear sons; " 13 "Would all of you tarry for them till they were grown? would all of you stay for them from having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieves me much for your sakes that the hand of the LORD is gone out against me. " 14 "And they lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed her mother in law; but Ruth clave unto her. " 15 And she said, Behold, your sister in law is gone back unto her people, and unto her gods: return you after your sister in law. 16 "And Ruth said, Implore me not to leave you, or to return from following after you: for where you go, I will go; and where you lodge, I will lodge: your people shall be my people, and your God my God: " 17 Where you die, will I die, and there will I be buried: the LORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part you and me. 18 When she saw that she was steadfastly minded to go with her, then she left speaking unto her. 19 So they two went until they came to Bethlehem. And it came to pass, when they were come to Bethlehem, that all the city was moved about them, and they said, Is this Naomi? 20 And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me. 21 I went out full and the LORD has brought me home again empty: why then call all of you me Naomi, seeing the LORD has testified against me, and the Almighty has afflicted me? 22 So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest.

Rut 1,1 - Moab je krajina, ktorá leží východne od Mŕtveho mora. Najmä rovina pozdĺž Mŕtveho mora je podnes veľmi úrodná. Ale pri dobrom obrábaní sú pozemky úrodné aj na moabskej výšine a kopcoch. Hranice Moabska sa menili. V dobe Sudcov siahali od rieky Arnon (dnes El-Modžib) až po južný koniec Mŕtveho mora (Nm 21,13; Sdc 11,18). Časom postúpili na sever, ďaleko za Arnon až po Hesebon (Hesbán). Tak sa zdá, že v prvých časoch Sudcov Moabčania zaujali aj okolie Jericha, a tak Izraeliti, osadení v Jerichu a na okolí, stali sa im poplatníkmi (Sdc 3,12 n.). Veľké priateľstvo nebolo medzi Izraelitmi a Moabčanmi. Ukázalo sa to už pri prechode Izraelitov cez ich krajinu, keď tiahli do zasľúbenej zeme (Nm 22), a tak aj v neskorších dejinách, keď sa Moab stal poplatníkom kráľov izraelských. Ale vždy si vedel vybojovať svoju nezávislosť.

Rut 1,2 - Elimelech a jeho rod je označený prívlastkom: Efratejci. Pochádzajú od Efraty, manželky Kalebovej (1 Krn 2,19). Ich potomstvo bývalo v Betleheme. Preto mal Betlehem aj meno Efrata (Gn 35,16 a 19; Mich 5,2).

Rut 1,8-9 - Noemi praje svojim nevestám plné požehnanie od Boha, ktoré by sa prejavilo v tom, žeby sa jej ovdovelé nevesty znovu mohli vydať. Osud vdovy u východných národov bol veľmi krušný. Po manželovej smrti stala sa obyčajne cudzou rodine zosnulého manžela a jej vlastní pokrvní ju zasa pokladali za cudziu, odkedy sa vydala. Tak ostala vdova mnoho ráz úplne opustená. Preto odporúča Písmo sv. pomoc vdovám ako zvlášť záslužný skutok milosrdenstva. Tento ťažký osud zaľahol najmä na mladšie vdovy, ak nemali dieťa zo svojho manželstva. Bezdetnosť sa pokladala za veľký trest od Boha, a tak v očiach ľudí bola potupou.

Rut 1,11-13 - Ani Noemi nemala výhľad na ďalších synov, aby si títo, podľa povinnosti zákonom stanovenej o švagrovskom manželstve, vzali vdovy po bratoch za manželky (Dt 25,5–10).Ak Noemi hovorí o sebe, že jej osud je tvrdší, ako je osud jej neviest, tento jej výrok treba chápať takto: Mať dietky a radovať sa z nich bolo vonkajším znakom priazne Božej. Noemi už ani nemá nádeje, že by vo svojom pokročilom veku mohla ešte porodiť dietky: oproti tomu jej nevesty v Moabsku sa azda ešte môžu vydať a pri svojom mladšom veku môžu mať dietky, ktoré by im boli na radosť.

Rut 1,15 - Podľa vtedajšieho chápania každá krajina mala svojho vlastného boha, ktorý zasa určité územie pokladal za svoje vlastné. Kto sa vrátil do Moabska (ako to robí Orfa), zaväzuje sa tým, že bude naďalej ctiť národného boha Moabčanov (Molocha-Bála). Porov. 1 Sam 26,19; Sdc 11,24. Keď Rút zostáva pri svojom úmysle ísť do Betlehema, toho prirodzeným dôsledkom bolo, že prijala aj úctu Jahveho, ktorý bol zasa Bohom Izraelovým.

Rut 1,16-18 - Možno predpokladať, že Rút aj vo svojom srdci je presvedčená o tom, že Bohu Izraelovmu treba dať prednosť pred všetkými inými bohmi pohanských krajín; preto ochotne chce uctievať Jahveho a prisahá na jeho svätosť.

Rut 1,17 - Nech mi Pán tak urobí… – Čokoľvek určí Pán, či ma požehná, či ma stresce, len smrť nás rozlúči.

Rut 1,20 - Noemi znamená 'Moja rozkoš, Moje potešenie’ (tak asi hovorila matka svojmu malému dieťaťu). Mara znamená 'Horká, Trpká, Plná žalosti, bolesti’.

Rut 1,22 - Žatva v Palestíne sa začína v apríli, máji.