1. kniha Machabejcov

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(KJV - Anglický - King James)

1Mach 15, 1-41

1 Moreover Antiochus son of Demetrius the king sent letters from the isles of the sea unto Simon the priest and prince of the Jews, and to all the people; 2 The contents whereof were these: King Antiochus to Simon the high priest and prince of his nation, and to the people of the Jews, greeting: 3 Forasmuch as certain pestilent men have usurped the kingdom of our fathers, and my purpose is to challenge it again, that I may restore it to the old estate, and to that end have gathered a multitude of foreign soldiers together, and prepared ships of war; 4 My meaning also being to go through the country, that I may be avenged of them that have destroyed it, and made many cities in the kingdom desolate: 5 Now therefore I confirm unto thee all the oblations which the kings before me granted thee, and whatsoever gifts besides they granted. 6 I give thee leave also to coin money for thy country with thine own stamp. 7 And as concerning Jerusalem and the sanctuary, let them be free; and all the armour that thou hast made, and fortresses that thou hast built, and keepest in thine hands, let them remain unto thee. 8 And if anything be, or shall be, owing to the king, let it be forgiven thee from this time forth for evermore. 9 Furthermore, when we have obtained our kingdom, we will honour thee, and thy nation, and thy temple, with great honour, so that your honour shall be known throughout the world. 10 In the hundred threescore and fourteenth year went Antiochus into the land of his fathers: at which time all the forces came together unto him, so that few were left with Tryphon. 11 Wherefore being pursued by king Antiochus, he fled unto Dora, which lieth by the sea side: 12 For he saw that troubles came upon him all at once, and that his forces had forsaken him. 13 Then camped Antiochus against Dora, having with him an hundred and twenty thousand men of war, and eight thousand horsemen. 14 And when he had compassed the city round about, and joined ships close to the town on the sea side, he vexed the city by land and by sea, neither suffered he any to go out or in. 15 In the mean season came Numenius and his company from Rome, having letters to the kings and countries; wherein were written these things: 16 Lucius, consul of the Romans unto king Ptolemee, greeting: 17 The Jews' ambassadors, our friends and confederates, came unto us to renew the old friendship and league, being sent from Simon the high priest, and from the people of the Jews: 18 And they brought a shield of gold of a thousand pound. 19 We thought it good therefore to write unto the kings and countries, that they should do them no harm, nor fight against them, their cities, or countries, nor yet aid their enemies against them. 20 It seemed also good to us to receive the shield of them. 21 If therefore there be any pestilent fellows, that have fled from their country unto you, deliver them unto Simon the high priest, that he may punish them according to their own law. 22 The same things wrote he likewise unto Demetrius the king, and Attalus, to Ariarathes, and Arsaces, 23 And to all the countries and to Sampsames, and the Lacedemonians, and to Delus, and Myndus, and Sicyon, and Caria, and Samos, and Pamphylia, and Lycia, and Halicarnassus, and Rhodus, and Aradus, and Cos, and Side, and Aradus, and Gortyna, and Cnidus, and Cyprus, and Cyrene. 24 And the copy hereof they wrote to Simon the high priest. 25 So Antiochus the king camped against Dora the second day, assaulting it continually, and making engines, by which means he shut up Tryphon, that he could neither go out nor in. 26 At that time Simon sent him two thousand chosen men to aid him; silver also, and gold, and much armour. 27 Nevertheless he would not receive them, but brake all the covenants which he had made with him afore, and became strange unto him. 28 Furthermore he sent unto him Athenobius, one of his friends, to commune with him, and say, Ye withhold Joppa and Gazera; with the tower that is in Jerusalem, which are cities of my realm. 29 The borders thereof ye have wasted, and done great hurt in the land, and got the dominion of many places within my kingdom. 30 Now therefore deliver the cities which ye have taken, and the tributes of the places, whereof ye have gotten dominion without the borders of Judea: 31 Or else give me for them five hundred talents of silver; and for the harm that ye have done, and the tributes of the cities, other five hundred talents: if not, we will come and fight against you 32 So Athenobius the king's friend came to Jerusalem: and when he saw the glory of Simon, and the cupboard of gold and silver plate, and his great attendance, he was astonished, and told him the king's message. 33 Then answered Simon, and said unto him, We have neither taken other men's land, nor holden that which appertaineth to others, but the inheritance of our fathers, which our enemies had wrongfully in possession a certain time. 34 Wherefore we, having opportunity, hold the inheritance of our fathers. 35 And whereas thou demandest Joppa and Gazera, albeit they did great harm unto the people in our country, yet will we give thee an hundred talents for them. Hereunto Athenobius answered him not a word; 36 But returned in a rage to the king, and made report unto him of these speeches, and of the glory of Simon, and of all that he had seen: whereupon the king was exceeding wroth. 37 In the mean time fled Tryphon by ship unto Orthosias. 38 Then the king made Cendebeus captain of the sea coast, and gave him an host of footmen and horsemen, 39 And commanded him to remove his host toward Judea; also he commanded him to build up Cedron, and to fortify the gates, and to war against the people; but as for the king himself, he pursued Tryphon. 40 So Cendebeus came to Jamnia and began to provoke the people and to invade Judea, and to take the people prisoners, and slay them. 41 And when he had built up Cedrou, he set horsemen there, and an host of footmen, to the end that issuing out they might make outroads upon the ways of Judea, as the king had commanded him.

1Mach 15,1-4 - Keď sa dostal Demetrius II. do zajatia Mitradatesovho (14,1–3), rozhodol sa jeho mladší brat Antiochus (=syn Demetria I., neskoršie Antiochus VII., zvaný Sidetes, lebo bol vychovaný v meste Side v Pamfílii, na juhu Malej Ázie) uhájiť sýrsku korunu. Veľmi vhod mu prišlo pozvanie Kleopatry, manželky zajatého brata Demetria, ktorá sa zdržovala v prímorskej Seleucii. Táto ho vyzvala, aby sa uchádzal o trón a tiež o jej ruku. V lete r. 139 pr. Kr. sa vydal na cestu z ostrova Rodos. Zakúsil však mnoho nepríjemností, lebo podľa Joz. Flávia ani jedno mesto ho nechcelo prijať zo strachu pred Tryfonom. Je preto pochopiteľné, že hľadal pomoc u mocných Židov a za spojenca si chcel získať Šimona.

1Mach 15,10-14 - Antiochus vtiahol so značnou flotilou "do krajiny svojich otcov", t. j. pristál v prímorskej Seleucii, kde oslobodil Kleopatru, ktorá ho tam pozvala. – Dora, na miestach dnešnej Tantury, asi 9 km severne od Cezarey. Jozue pridelil Doru kmeňu Manassesa, Joz 11,1 n.; 17,11. Z čias križiackych výprav stojí tam vysoká veža. Bol to dôležitý strategický bod.

1Mach 15,15 - O obliehaní Dory sa hovorí až vo v. 25. Prerušenie rozprávania sa dá vysvetliť tým, že práve vtedy došli židovskí vyslanci z Ríma.

1Mach 15,16-21 - Lucius, ktorý dal vyhotoviť listinu, je pravdepodobne Lucius Calpurnius Piso, ktorý bol konzulom v r. 139 pr. Kr. (to je práve rok obliehania Dory). Druhý konzul toho roku (Popilius Lenas) bol práve zamestnaný v Španielsku; preto je uvedený na listine len Lucius. Podľa toho sa vrátili židovskí vyslanci z Ríma r. 139 pr. Kr. = r. 173/4 Sel. = r. 615 po založení Ríma. – Že je tu vložený práve list pre egyptského kráľa Ptolemea VII. Fyskona, dá sa vysvetliť z dôležitosti jeho veľkej ríše. – K v. 18 porov. 14,24.

1Mach 15,22 - Podobné listy, ako dostal Ptolemeus Fyskon, boli poslané ešte 4 iným kráľom, 3 provinciám Malej Ázie, 5 ostrovným štátom a 8 dôležitejším mestám. – Králi sú: Demetrius II. Nikator (145–140?; 129–125), ktorý bol v miernej väzbe u Partov, ale toho času už mohol byť prepustený na slobodu; Atalus II. (159–138), zvaný Filadelfus, kráľ pergamský; Ariarates V. (162–131) Filopator, kráľ Veľkej Kapadócie; o Arsakesovi (=Mitradates I.) porov. 14,2. – Ďalej nasleduje zoznam krajín, miest a ostrovov, ktoré boli vtedy nezávislé, okrem Cypru a Cyrény, o ktoré viedli spor bratia Ptolemeovci. – Sampsamé (Sampsaké, Lampsaké), mesto v Mízii na Helesponte. Okrem provincie Karie sú spomenuté jej tri mestá: Halikarnasos, hlavné mesto Karie, a prístavné mestá Knidos a Myndos. Kos a Delos sú ostrovy v Cykladách. Samos a Rodos sú známe ostrovy na západnom pobreží Malej Ázie. Aradus, dnešný Ruad, ostrov pri pobreží severne od Sidona. Faselis, mesto v Lýcii. O Side pozri vo v. 1. Gortyna, mesto na juhu Kréty. Cyréna (Cyrene) bola hlavným mestom cyrénskej Lýbie. Sikyon, mesto na Peloponese, západne od Korinta.

1Mach 15,25-27 - Rozprava sa vracia k obliehaniu Dory; porov. v. 15.

1Mach 15,30 - "Miesta mimo júdskej hranice" sú tri okresy, ktoré boli zo Samárie pričlenené k Júdsku.

1Mach 15,35-39 - Tryfon vraj utiekol najprv do Ptolemaidy (5,15; Joz. Flávius, Strabo), potom do Ortosie (Ortosias – Ortozia – fenické mesto, dnes zrúcaniny "Ard Arthusi", 3 hod. severne od Tripolisu) a odtiaľ do Apamey (mesto na Oronte, južne od Antiochie), kde bol kedysi vychovávaný. Kráľ sa rozhodol, že bude sám prenasledovať Tryfona, ktorý nakoniec biedne zahynul. Proti Židom vyslal Antiochus Kendebea, ktorého menoval vojenským guvernérom Filištínska a Fenície. Nariadil mu opevniť Kedron (Vg číta: Gedor; dnes Katra, osada na jednej vyvýšenine juhovýchodne od Jamnie; podľa iných by to mala byť Gedera – Joz 15,36 – dnes Chirbet Džedíre, juhovýchodne od Lyddy), jeden z oporných bodov pre dobytie Júdska.