  | 1. kniha MachabejcovBiblia - Sväté písmo(KJV - Anglický - King James) | 1Mach 13, 1-53 |
1 1Mach 13, 1 Now when Simon heard that Tryphon had gathered together a great host to invade the land of Judea, and destroy it, 2 1Mach 13, 2 And saw that the people was in great trembling and fear, he went up to Jerusalem, and gathered the people together, 3 1Mach 13, 3 And gave them exhortation, saying, Ye yourselves know what great things I, and my brethren, and my father's house, have done for the laws and the sanctuary, the battles also and troubles which we have seen. 4 1Mach 13, 4 By reason whereof all my brethren are slain for Israel's sake, and I am left alone. 5 1Mach 13, 5 Now therefore be it far from me, that I should spare mine own life in any time of trouble: for I am no better than my brethren. 6 1Mach 13, 6 Doubtless I will avenge my nation, and the sanctuary, and our wives, and our children: for all the heathen are gathered to destroy us of very malice. 7 1Mach 13, 7 Now as soon as the people heard these words, their spirit revived. 8 1Mach 13, 8 And they answered with a loud voice, saying, Thou shalt be our leader instead of Judas and Jonathan thy brother. 9 1Mach 13, 9 Fight thou our battles, and whatsoever, thou commandest us, that will we do. 10 1Mach 13, 10 So then he gathered together all the men of war, and made haste to finish the walls of Jerusalem, and he fortified it round about. 11 1Mach 13, 11 Also he sent Jonathan the son of Absolom, and with him a great power, to Joppa: who casting out them that were therein remained there in it. 12 1Mach 13, 12 So Tryphon removed from Ptolemaus with a great power to invade the land of Judea, and Jonathan was with him in ward. 13 1Mach 13, 13 But Simon pitched his tents at Adida, over against the plain. 14 1Mach 13, 14 Now when Tryphon knew that Simon was risen up instead of his brother Jonathan, and meant to join battle with him, he sent messengers unto him, saying, 15 1Mach 13, 15 Whereas we have Jonathan thy brother in hold, it is for money that he is owing unto the king's treasure, concerning the business that was committed unto him. 16 1Mach 13, 16 Wherefore now send an hundred talents of silver, and two of his sons for hostages, that when he is at liberty he may not revolt from us, and we will let him go. 17 1Mach 13, 17 Hereupon Simon, albeit he perceived that they spake deceitfully unto him yet sent he the money and the children, lest peradventure he should procure to himself great hatred of the people: 18 1Mach 13, 18 Who might have said, Because I sent him not the money and the children, therefore is Jonathan dead. 19 1Mach 13, 19 So he sent them the children and the hundred talents: howbeit Tryphon dissembled neither would he let Jonathan go. 20 1Mach 13, 20 And after this came Tryphon to invade the land, and destroy it, going round about by the way that leadeth unto Adora: but Simon and his host marched against him in every place, wheresoever he went. 21 1Mach 13, 21 Now they that were in the tower sent messengers unto Tryphon, to the end that he should hasten his coming unto them by the wilderness, and send them victuals. 22 1Mach 13, 22 Wherefore Tryphon made ready all his horsemen to come that night: but there fell a very great snow, by reason whereof he came not. So he departed, and came into the country of Galaad. 23 1Mach 13, 23 And when he came near to Bascama he slew Jonathan, who was buried there. 24 1Mach 13, 24 Afterward Tryphon returned and went into his own land. 25 1Mach 13, 25 Then sent Simon, and took the bones of Jonathan his brother, and buried them in Modin, the city of his fathers. 26 1Mach 13, 26 And all Israel made great lamentation for him, and bewailed him many days. 27 1Mach 13, 27 Simon also built a monument upon the sepulchre of his father and his brethren, and raised it aloft to the sight, with hewn stone behind and before. 28 1Mach 13, 28 Moreover he set up seven pyramids, one against another, for his father, and his mother, and his four brethren. 29 1Mach 13, 29 And in these he made cunning devices, about the which he set great pillars, and upon the pillars he made all their armour for a perpetual memory, and by the armour ships carved, that they might be seen of all that sail on the sea. 30 1Mach 13, 30 This is the sepulchre which he made at Modin, and it standeth yet unto this day. 31 1Mach 13, 31 Now Tryphon dealt deceitfully with the young king Antiochus, and slew him. 32 1Mach 13, 32 And he reigned in his stead, and crowned himself king of Asia, and brought a great calamity upon the land. 33 1Mach 13, 33 Then Simon built up the strong holds in Judea, and fenced them about with high towers, and great walls, and gates, and bars, and laid up victuals therein. 34 1Mach 13, 34 Moreover Simon chose men, and sent to king Demetrius, to the end he should give the land an immunity, because all that Tryphon did was to spoil. 35 1Mach 13, 35 Unto whom king Demetrius answered and wrote after this manner: 36 1Mach 13, 36 King Demetrius unto Simon the high priest, and friend of kings, as also unto the elders and nation of the Jews, sendeth greeting: 37 1Mach 13, 37 The golden crown, and the scarlet robe, which ye sent unto us, we have received: and we are ready to make a stedfast peace with you, yea, and to write unto our officers, to confirm the immunities which we have granted. 38 1Mach 13, 38 And whatsoever covenants we have made with you shall stand; and the strong holds, which ye have builded, shall be your own. 39 1Mach 13, 39 As for any oversight or fault committed unto this day, we forgive it, and the crown tax also, which ye owe us: and if there were any other tribute paid in Jerusalem, it shall no more be paid. 40 1Mach 13, 40 And look who are meet among you to be in our court, let then be enrolled, and let there be peace betwixt us. 41 1Mach 13, 41 Thus the yoke of the heathen was taken away from Israel in the hundred and seventieth year. 42 1Mach 13, 42 Then the people of Israel began to write in their instruments and contracts, In the first year of Simon the high priest, the governor and leader of the Jews. 43 1Mach 13, 43 In those days Simon camped against Gaza and besieged it round about; he made also an engine of war, and set it by the city, and battered a certain tower, and took it. 44 1Mach 13, 44 And they that were in the engine leaped into the city; whereupon there was a great uproar in the city: 45 1Mach 13, 45 Insomuch as the people of the city rent their clothes, and climbed upon the walls with their wives and children, and cried with a loud voice, beseeching Simon to grant them peace. 46 1Mach 13, 46 And they said, Deal not with us according to our wickedness, but according to thy mercy. 47 1Mach 13, 47 So Simon was appeased toward them, and fought no more against them, but put them out of the city, and cleansed the houses wherein the idols were, and so entered into it with songs and thanksgiving. 48 1Mach 13, 48 Yea, he put all uncleanness out of it, and placed such men there as would keep the law, and made it stronger than it was before, and built therein a dwellingplace for himself. 49 1Mach 13, 49 They also of the tower in Jerusalem were kept so strait, that they could neither come forth, nor go into the country, nor buy, nor sell: wherefore they were in great distress for want of victuals, and a great number of them perished through famine. 50 1Mach 13, 50 Then cried they to Simon, beseeching him to be at one with them: which thing he granted them; and when he had put them out from thence, he cleansed the tower from pollutions: 51 1Mach 13, 51 And entered into it the three and twentieth day of the second month in the hundred seventy and first year, with thanksgiving, and branches of palm trees, and with harps, and cymbals, and with viols, and hymns, and songs: because there was destroyed a great enemy out of Israel. 52 1Mach 13, 52 He ordained also that that day should be kept every year with gladness. Moreover the hill of the temple that was by the tower he made stronger than it was, and there he dwelt himself with his company. 53 1Mach 13, 53 And when Simon saw that John his son was a valiant man, he made him captain of all the hosts; and he dwelt in Gazera.
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1Mach 13,1-9 - Právom mohol poukazovať Šimon na svoje statočné činy; porov. 5,21 nn.; 11,65 n.; 12,33 n. 38. Celá jeho rodina "prestála" (doslovne: "videla"; ako Jer 5,12) mnoho súženia. Šimon mylne pokladal brata Jonatána už za mŕtveho (v. 4), no bol len zajatý, ako sa neskoršie dozvedel od samého Tryfona (v. 15.).
1Mach 13,11 - Šimon vraj preto siahol k tomuto tvrdému zákroku (podľa Joz. Flávia), lebo sa obával, že vydajú mesto Tryfonovi. Jafa zostala potom v židovských rukách až do Pompeia (63 pr. Kr.). Tento rozhodný čin sa spomína v 14,5 a 34.
1Mach 13,19 - Obrat "nedodržal slovo" je doslovne "luhal".
1Mach 13,20 - Tryfon tiahol s vojskom od Ptolemaidy najprv pozdĺž pobrežia, potom cez rovinu Šaron k severozápadným hraniciam Júdska (v. 12), ale tu musel zmeniť smer cesty, lebo mu prekážala Šimonova pevnosť Adida (12,38). Preto obišiel okraj vrchoviny a mienil sa dostať do Jeruzalema od juhu, z Edomska, ako to bol predtým dvakrát urobil Lyziáš. Tiahol teda od severozápadných hraníc Júdska na Maresu (5,66) a potom juhovýchodne k Adore. – Adora (Vg: Ador; v 2 Krn 11,9: Adoraim, Aduran), dnes veľká dedina Dura, 10 km juhozápadne od Hebronu (5,65).
1Mach 13,23 - Tryfon tiahol cez Moabsko a Amonsko až ku Baskame. Baskama, asi dnešný Tell-Bázúk, severovýchodne od Genezaretského jazera.
1Mach 13,25 - O Modeine porov. 2,1.
1Mach 13,28-30 - Porov. 10,76; 12,33; 14,5. Pomník stál na návrší nad dedinou, takže bol viditeľný aj od mora (vzdialenosť asi 28 km). – Za čias inšpirovaného autora bolo možno hrobku ešte vidieť. Podobne píše Joz. Flávius a Euzebius (okolo 340 po Kr.). Guerin sa domnieva, že pri svojich vykopávkach (r. 1872) našiel pozostatky tejto hrobky v Chirbet Medije.
1Mach 13,31 - Dejepisci jednohlasne dosvedčujú, že Antiochus VI. Dionýz sa stal obeťou zákernej politiky Tryfonovej. Tak Joz. Flávius, Diodor, Apián, Justín. Podľa Lívia vraždu vykonali podplatení lekári. Sporný je len rok Antiochovej smrti. Spomenutí dejepisci tvrdia, že Tryfon dal zavraždiť Antiocha až po Demetriovej výprave proti Partom v Médii, ktorú podnikol r. 141 pr. Kr. O tejto nešťastnej výprave je reč v hl. 14. V tomto prípade by v. 31 n. patrili až za hl. 14. – Novší vykladatelia sú tej mienky, že Antiochus bol zavraždený r. 170 Sel. (=142 pr. Kr.), vtedy prvý rok Tryfonovej vlády bol by 142/41 pr. Kr. Takto by boli v. 31 n. časove na svojom mieste; veď aj udalosti, o ktorých je reč vo v. 41–51, spadajú do začiatku r. 171 Sel. (=141 pr. Kr.). Nevládol teda Tryfon v mene Antiochovom 8 rokov (Lívius, Epit. 52 a 53), ale len asi 3 roky (s tým sa dajú zrovnať aj 4 roky Joz. Flávia, ak ich berieme len ako čiastočné roky), a to: 145–142/41 pr. Kr. (Kugler, Kolbe, Schürer).
1Mach 13,35-37 - Demetrius zo strachu pred Tryfonom a Partmi bol ochotný vyjednávať so Šimonom. Ako znak dobrej vôle bolo, že prevzal Šimonove dary: zlatú korunu (porov. 10,20.29; 11,35) a palmové ratolesti zo zlata (porov. 2 Mach 14,4).
1Mach 13,38-40 - Z celej správy vidieť, že je to nielen uzmierenie, ale vyhlásenie židovskej nezávislosti.
1Mach 13,41 - Židia, oslobodení od "jarma pohanov" (porov. tiež 14,38), vzali r. 170 Sel. (=jar 142/41 pr. Kr.) za východisko novej éry, podľa ktorej datovali svoje štátne listiny, súkromné listy a obchodné zmluvy. – O minciach slobody porov. 15,6. – Šimon dostal titul "hegúmenos"=skôr ako: miestodržiteľ, etnarcha ("knieža").
1Mach 13,43 - Miesto "Gaza" (tak gr. i Vg) prekladáme so zreteľom na 14,7.34; 15,28; 16,1: Gazara; t. j. Gezer (4,15; 7,45; 9,52). Gezer dobýval Šimon iste ešte pred uzavretím zmluvy s Demetriom.
1Mach 13,49-53 - Porov. 12,36; 13,21 n. O palmových ratolestiach ako znakoch radosti porov. 2 Mach 10,7; Jn 12,13. – Pamätný deň očisty hradu od Sýrčanov (23. ijjar 171 Sel.=16. máj 142 pr. Kr., podľa Kuglera) bol neskoršie zatlačený inými pamätnými dňami, až zapadol do zabudnutia. Na chrámovej hore, ktorú opevňoval už Júda (4,60), potom Jonatán (10,11), si Šimon vybudoval svoju rezidenciu.
