Kniha Sudcov

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Sdc 6, 1-40

1 Then the sons of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord, who delivered them into the hand of Midian for seven years. 2 And they were greatly oppressed by them. And they made for themselves hollows and caves in the mountains, and very fortified places for defense. 3 And when Israel had planted, Midian and Amalek, and the rest of the eastern nations ascended, 4 and pitching their tents among them, they laid waste to all that was planted, as far as the entrance to Gaza. And they left behind nothing at all to sustain life in Israel, neither sheep, nor oxen, nor donkeys. 5 For they and all their flocks arrived with their tents, and they filled all places like locusts, an innumerable multitude of men and camels, devastating whatever they touched. 6 And Israel was humbled greatly in the sight of Midian. 7 And he cried out to the Lord, requesting assistance against the Midianites. 8 And he sent to them a man who was a prophet, and he said: “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel: ‘I caused you to ascend from Egypt, and I led you away from the house of servitude. 9 And I freed you from the hand of the Egyptians and from all of the enemies who were afflicting you. And I cast them out at your arrival, and I delivered their land to you. 10 And I said: I am the Lord your God. You shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you live. But you were not willing to listen to my voice.’ ” 11 Then an Angel of the Lord arrived, and he sat under an oak tree, which was at Ophrah, and which belonged to Joash, the father of the family of Ezri. And while his son Gideon was threshing and cleaning the grain at the winepress, so that he might flee from Midian, 12 the Angel of the Lord appeared to him, and he said: “The Lord is with you, most valiant of men.” 13 And Gideon said to him: “I beg you, my lord, if the Lord is with us, why have these things happened to us? Where are his miracles, which our fathers described when they said, ‘The Lord led us away from Egypt.’ But now the Lord has forsaken us, and he has delivered us into the hand of Midian.” 14 And the Lord looked down upon him, and he said: “Go forth with this, your strength, and you shall free Israel from the hand of Midian. Know that I have sent you.” 15 And responding, he said: “I beg you, my lord, with what shall I free Israel? Behold, my family is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the least in the house of my father.” 16 And the Lord said to him: “I will be with you. And so, you shall cut down Midian as if one man.” 17 And he said: “If I have found grace before you, give me a sign that it is you who is speaking to me. 18 And may you not withdraw from here, until I return to you, carrying a sacrifice and offering it to you.” And he responded, “I will wait for your return.” 19 And so Gideon entered, and he boiled a goat, and he made unleavened bread from a measure of flour. And setting the flesh in a basket, and putting the broth of the flesh in a pot, he took it all under the oak tree, and he offered it to him. 20 And the Angel of the Lord said to him, “Take the flesh and the unleavened bread, and place them on that rock, and pour out the broth upon it.” And when he had done so, 21 the Angel of the Lord extended the end of a staff, which he was holding in his hand, and he touched the flesh and the unleavened loaves. And a fire ascended from the rock, and it consumed the flesh and the unleavened loaves. Then the Angel of the Lord vanished from his sight. 22 And Gideon, realizing that it had been the Angel of the Lord, said: “Alas, my Lord God! For I have seen the Angel of the Lord face to face.” 23 And the Lord said to him: “Peace be with you. Do not be afraid; you shall not die.” 24 Therefore, Gideon built an altar to the Lord there, and he called it, the Peace of the Lord, even to the present day. And while he was still at Ophrah, which is of the family of Ezri, 25 that night, the Lord said to him: “Take a bull of your father’s, and another bull of seven years, and you shall destroy the altar of Baal, which is your father’s. And you shall cut down the sacred grove which is around the altar. 26 And you shall build an altar to the Lord your God, at the summit of this rock, on which you placed the sacrifice before. And you shall take the second bull, and you shall offer a holocaust upon a pile of the wood, which you shall cut down from the grove.” 27 Therefore, Gideon, taking ten men from his servants, did just as the Lord had instructed him. But fearing his father’s household, and the men of that city, he was not willing to do it by day. Instead, he completed everything by night. 28 And when the men of that town had risen up in the morning, they saw the altar of Baal destroyed, and the sacred grove cut down, and the second bull set upon the altar, which then had been built. 29 And they said one to another, “Who has done this?” And when they inquired everywhere as to the author of the deed, it was said, “Gideon, the son of Joash, did all these things.” 30 And they said to Joash: “Bring forward your son here, so that he may die. For he has destroyed the altar of Baal, and he has cut down the sacred grove.” 31 But he responded to them: “Could you be the avengers of Baal, so that you fight on his behalf? Whoever is his adversary, let him die before the light arrives tomorrow; if he is a god, let him vindicate himself against him who has overturned his altar.” 32 From that day, Gideon was called Jerubbaal, 134 because Joash had said, “Let Baal avenge himself against him who has overturned his altar.” 33 And so, all of Midian, and Amalek, and the eastern peoples were gathered together. And crossing the Jordan, they encamped in the valley of Jezreel. 34 But the Spirit of the Lord entered Gideon, who, sounding the trumpet, summoned the house of Abiezer so that he might follow him. 35 And he sent messengers into all of Manasseh, who also followed him, and other messengers into Asher, and Zebulun, and Naphtali, who went to meet him. 36 And Gideon said to God: “If you will save Israel by my hand, just as you have said: 37 I will set this wool fleece on the threshing floor. If there will be dew only on the fleece, and all the ground is dry, I will know that by my hand, as you have said, you will free Israel.” 38 And so it was done. And rising in the night, wringing out the fleece, he filled a vessel with the dew. 39 And again he said to God: “Let not your fury be enkindled against me, if I test once more, seeking a sign in the fleece. I pray that only the fleece may be dry, and all the ground may be wet with dew.” 40 And that night, God did as he had requested. And it was dry only on the fleece, and there was dew on all the ground.

Verš 10

And I said: I am the Lord your God. You shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you live. But you were not willing to listen to my voice.’ ”

2Kr 17:35 - And he had struck a covenant with them, and he had commanded them, saying: “You shall not fear foreign gods, and you shall not adore them, and you shall not worship them, and you shall not sacrifice to them.

2Kr 17:38 - And the covenant, which he struck with you, you shall not forget; neither shall you worship strange gods.

Verš 14

And the Lord looked down upon him, and he said: “Go forth with this, your strength, and you shall free Israel from the hand of Midian. Know that I have sent you.”

1Sam 12:11 - And the Lord sent Jerubbaal, and Bedan, and Jephthah, and Samuel, and he rescued you from the hand of your enemies all around, and you lived in confidence.

Heb 11:32 - And what should I say next? For time is not sufficient for me to give an account of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, and the Prophets:

Verš 39

And again he said to God: “Let not your fury be enkindled against me, if I test once more, seeking a sign in the fleece. I pray that only the fleece may be dry, and all the ground may be wet with dew.”

Gn 18:32 - “I beg you,” he said, “not to be angry, Lord, if I speak yet once more. What if ten were found there?” And he said, “I will not destroy it for the sake of the ten.”

Sdc 6,1-6 - Piaty sudca začína oslobodzovací boj proti Madiánčanom. Bol to beduínsky národ, ktorý sa zdržoval v kraji východne a severovýchodne od Elamitského zálivu až po hranice Moabčanov. O ich vzťahoch k Izraelitom pozri Ex 2,15; Nm 25,6 nn.; 31. Zvlášť v letnej dobe, kedy mohli ľahko prechádzať cez Jordán, podnikali lúpežné výpravy aj do Predjordánska. Úrodu z polí zobrali a čo neodniesli, to zničili svojimi stádami. – Skrýše (prepadliská alebo jamy po lesoch), jaskyne (ktorých je dosť vo vápencových krajoch Palestíny) a obranné úkryty (po horách) používali Izraeliti ako útočištné miesta pred nepriateľmi. Porov. Joz 10,16; 1 Sam 13,6; 22,1.4 n.; 1 Kr 18,4. – O Amalekitoch v južnom Zajordánsku pozri 3,13; Ex 17,8; Gn 36,12; Nm 24,20. – Synovia východu – kočovné národy od Jordána až po Eufrat.

Sdc 6,7-10 - Krátkymi slovami z 2,2: "Ale vy ste neposlúchli môj hlas" – náhle sa zakončuje reč nám neznámeho proroka. Podľa 2,1 nn. a 10,11 nn. by sme čakali aj iné výčitky.

Sdc 6,11-15 - Pánov anjel (vo v. 20 "Boží anjel") sa uvádza nižšie (v. 14.16.23) jednoducho ako Jahve-Pán. Ide tu teda o zjavenie samého Boha. – Pozdrav (v. 12) vzhľadom na odpoveď v nasledujúcom verši obsahuje v sebe nielen prianie, ale predovšetkým posilnenie (Lk 1,28) a uistenie, že Jahve je jeho spojencom.

Sdc 6,19 - Efa (miera) – asi 36,44 l. Podľa pravidiel orientálneho pohostinstva vznešeného hosťa bolo treba uctiť veľkým množstvom predložených pokrmov. Porov. Mk 6,42 nn.; 8,8 n.; Jn 2,6 n.

Sdc 6,21 - Z prineseného daru urobil Pánov anjel obetu. Oheň, ktorý vyšľahol zo skaly, možno považovať za znamenie, ktoré si žiadal Gedeon (v. 17).

Sdc 6,24 - Až do dnešného dňa – porov. pozn. 1,21.

Sdc 6,25-30 - V onej noci, t. j. po anjelskom zjavení. Tu je nariadený sedemročný býk (obyčajne býval mladší) asi vzhľadom na sedemročnú porobu madiánsku. Z toho, že oltár Bálov stál na Joasovom pozemku, dá sa usudzovať, že aj on bol jeho ctiteľom. Podľa v. 28 bol však oltár používaný aj ku spoločnej bohoslužbe. – O Ašere pozri 2,13 nn. Miesto "Ašery" (vo v. 25–30) má Vg: "háj".

Sdc 6,31 - Význam Gedeonovej prezývky je udaný v samom znení, nadväzuje na slová Joasove. – Jerobál – hebr. Jerubbaal.

Sdc 6,33-35 - O Madiánčanoch pozri pozn. k 6,1–6. – O Jezreelskej (Ezdrelonskej) rovine pozri Joz 19,17–23. – "Zostúpil" (v. 34) v hebr. doslovne: "duch Jahveho Gedeona obliekol". Porov. 1 Krn 12,18; 2 Krn 24,20. Ako si totiž človek berie oblek, potom ho nosí, v ňom a z neho pôsobí, tak duch Pánov vzal, niesol Gedeona, z neho pôsobil, ním hýbal, ovládal ho a prenikal. – Na boji sa zúčastnili len západní Manassesovci, ku ktorým patril aj Gedeonov rod Abiezerovcov. – O kmeňoch: Aser, Zabulon a Neftali pozri 1,30 nn.

Sdc 6,36-40 - Gedeon si žiada znamenie nie tak pre seba, ako skôr pre svojich vojakov, aby títo boli presvedčení, že ho Jahve posiela do oslobodzovacieho boja a že teda sám Jahve bude s nimi bojovať. – "Vlnené rúno" bývalo plášťom v čase nepohody a zas v noci teplou pokrývkou. Humno – väčšie priestranstvo pri dedine; bol to obecný majetok. Keď sa nemlátilo, slúžilo za zhromaždište ľudu. – Rosa býva veľmi hojná v Palestíne. Je to následok značného rozdielu teploty nočnej a dennej. Malé rúno na priestrannom humne bolo obrazom malého izraelského národa – medzi početnými národmi pohanskými. Keď sa odvrátil od Boha, bol ako vyprahlá zem bez rosy, priazne a pomoci Božej; bol nevládny, zatiaľ čo ostatné národy z dopustenia Božieho Izrael otročili a rozkazovali mu. Keď sa však obrátil k Bohu, nastal pravý opak, podobal sa vlhkému rúnu, lebo Jahve mu zosielal rosu priazne a pomoci svojej. Bol malý, ale slobodný a víťazný uprostred národov. Najvznešenejším spôsobom spadla rosa milosti Božej na vyprahlú zem vtedy, keď Syn Boži vtelením prišiel na zem a potom celú zem pokropil svojou krvou. Preto aj Cirkev sv. spieva v cirkevných hodinkách: "Keď si sa nevýslovným spôsobom narodil z Panny, tu sa vyplnili Písma; ako bohatá rosa na rúno si zostúpil, aby si ľudstvo spasil; chválime teba, Bože náš!"