Kniha Sudcov

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(VUL - Latinský - Nova Vulgata)

Sdc 1, 1-36

1 (VUL) Post mortem Iosue consulue runt filii Israel Dominum dicen tes: “ Quis nostrum primus ascendet ad Chananaeum ad pugnandum contra eum? ”.
1 (UKJV) Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them?

2 (VUL) Dixitque Dominus: “ Iudas ascendet: ecce tradidi terram in manus eius ”.
2 (UKJV) And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.

3 (VUL) Et ait Iudas Simeoni fratri suo: “ Ascende mecum in sorte mea, et pugnemus contra Chananaeum, et ego pergam tecum in sorte tua ”. Et abiit cum eo Simeon.
3 (UKJV) "And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with you into your lot. So Simeon went with him. "

4 (VUL) Ascenditque Iudas, et tradidit Dominus Chananaeum ac Pherezaeum in manus eorum, et percusserunt in Bezec decem milia virorum.
4 (UKJV) "And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men. "

5 (VUL) Inveneruntque Adonibezec in Bezec et pugnaverunt contra eum ac percusserunt Chananaeum et Pherezaeum.
5 (UKJV) And they found Adonibezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites.

6 (VUL) Fugit autem Adonibezec, quem persecuti comprehenderunt, caesis pollicibus manuum eius ac pedum.
6 (UKJV) "But Adonibezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes. "

7 (VUL) Dixitque Adonibezec: “ Septuaginta reges, amputatis manuum ac pedum pollicibus, colligebant sub mensa mea ciborum reliquias. Sicut feci, ita reddidit mihi Deus ”. Adduxeruntque eum in Ierusalem, et ibi mortuus est.
7 (UKJV) And Adonibezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their food under my table: as I have done, so God has requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died.

8 (VUL) Oppugnantes ergo filii Iudae Ierusalem ceperunt eam; et percusserunt in ore gladii tradentes incendio civitatem.
8 (UKJV) Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.

9 (VUL) Et postea descendentes pugnaverunt contra Chananaeum, qui habitabat in montanis et in Nageb et in Sephela.
9 (UKJV) And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley.

10 (VUL) Pergensque Iuda contra Chananaeum, qui habitabat in Hebron, cui nomen fuit antiquitus Cariatharbe, percussit Sesai et Ahiman et Tholmai.
10 (UKJV) And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

11 (VUL) Atque inde profectus abiit ad habitatores Dabir, cuius nomen vetus erat Cariathsepher (id est civitas Litterarum).
11 (UKJV) And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjathsepher:

12 (VUL) Dixitque Chaleb: “ Qui percusserit Cariathsepher et ceperit eam, dabo ei Axam filiam meam uxorem ”.
12 (UKJV) And Caleb said, He that strikes Kirjathsepher, and takes it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.

13 (VUL) Cumque cepisset eam Othoniel filius Cenez frater Chaleb minor, dedit ei Axam filiam suam coniugem.
13 (UKJV) And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

14 (VUL) Quae cum veniret, incitavit eum, ut peteret a patre suo agrum. Demisit ergo se de asino, et dixit ei Chaleb: “ Quid habes? ”.
14 (UKJV) "And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What will you? "

15 (VUL) At illa respondit: “ Da mihi benedictionem; quia terram arentem dedisti mihi, da et irriguam aquis ”. Dedit ergo ei Chaleb irriguum superius et irriguum inferius.
15 (UKJV) "And she said unto him, Give me a blessing: for you have given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs. "

16 (VUL) Filii autem Hobab Cinaei cognati Moysi ascenderunt de civitate Palmarum cum filiis Iudae in desertum Iudae, quod est ad meridiem Arad, et habitaverunt cum Amalecitis.
16 (UKJV) "And the children of the Kenite, Moses' father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lies in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt among the people. "

17 (VUL) Abiit autem Iudas cum Simeone fratre suo et percusserunt simul Chananaeum, qui habitabat in Sephath, et percusserunt urbem anathemate. Vocatumque est nomen eius Horma (id est Anathema).
17 (UKJV) And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah.

18 (VUL) Cepitque Iudas Gazam cum finibus suis et Ascalonem atque Accaron cum terminis suis.
18 (UKJV) Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof.

19 (VUL) Fuitque Dominus cum Iuda, et montana possedit; nec potuit expellere habitatores vallis, quia falcatis curribus abundabant.
19 (UKJV) "And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron. "

20 (VUL) Dederuntque Chaleb Hebron, sicut dixerat Moyses, qui expulit ex ea tres filios Enac.
20 (UKJV) And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak.

21 (VUL) Iebusaeum autem habitatorem Ierusalem non expulerunt filii Beniamin, habitavitque Iebusaeus cum filiis Beniamin in Ierusalem usque in praesentem diem.
21 (UKJV) "And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day. "

22 (VUL) Domus quoque Ioseph ascendit Bethel, fuitque Dominus cum eis.
22 (UKJV) And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Bethel: and the LORD was with them.

23 (VUL) Nam, cum explorarent urbem, quae prius Luza vocabatur,
23 (UKJV) And the house of Joseph sent to search out Bethel. (Now the name of the city before was Luz.)

24 (VUL) viderunt custodes hominem egredientem de civitate dixeruntque ad eum: “ Ostende nobis introitum civitatis, et faciemus tecum misericordiam ”.
24 (UKJV) And the spies saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him, Show us, we pray you, the entrance into the city, and we will show you mercy.

25 (VUL) Qui cum ostendisset eis, percusserunt urbem in ore gladii; hominem autem illum et omnem cognationem eius dimiserunt.
25 (UKJV) "And when he showed them the entrance into the city, they stroke the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family. "

26 (VUL) Qui dimissus abiit in terram Hetthim et aedificavit ibi civitatem vocavitque eam Luzam, quae ita appellatur usque in praesentem diem.
26 (UKJV) And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which is the name thereof unto this day.

27 (VUL) Manasses quoque non occupavit Bethsan et Thanach cum viculis suis nec expulit habitatores Dor et Ieblaam et Mageddo cum viculis suis; mansitque Chananaeus in terra hac.
27 (UKJV) Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Bethshean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.

28 (VUL) Postquam autem confortatus est Israel, fecit eos tributarios et expellere noluit.
28 (UKJV) And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.

29 (VUL) Ephraim etiam non expulit Chananaeum, qui habitabat in Gazer, sed habitavit Chananaeus in medio eius in Gazer.
29 (UKJV) "Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them. "

30 (VUL) Zabulon non expulit habitatores Cetron et Naalol, sed habitavit Chananaeus in medio eius factusque est ei tributarius.
30 (UKJV) "Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries. "

31 (VUL) Aser quoque non expulit habitatores Achcho et Sidonis, Ahalab et Achazib et Helba et Aphec et Rohob;
31 (UKJV) Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob:

32 (VUL) habitavitque Aser in medio Chananaei habitatoris illius terrae, quia non expulit eum.
32 (UKJV) But the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out.

33 (VUL) Nephthali non expulit habitatores Bethsames et Bethanath et habitavit inter Chananaeum habitatorem terrae, fueruntque ei Bethsamitae et Bethanitae tributarii.
33 (UKJV) "Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Bethshemesh, nor the inhabitants of Bethanath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Bethshemesh and of Bethanath became tributaries unto them. "

34 (VUL) Artavitque Amorraeus filios Dan in montem nec dedit eis locum, ut ad planiora descenderent.
34 (UKJV) And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley:

35 (VUL) Habitavitque Amorraeus in Hathares, in Aialon et Salebim; et aggravata est manus domus Ioseph, factusque est ei tributarius.
35 (UKJV) But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributaries.

36 (VUL) Fuit autem terminus Amorraei ab ascensu Acrabbim ad Petram et superiora loca.
36 (UKJV) And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.

Verš 1

Post mortem Iosue consulue runt filii Israel Dominum dicen tes: “ Quis nostrum primus ascendet ad Chananaeum ad pugnandum contra eum? ”.

Sdc 20:18 - Qui surgentes venerunt in Bethel consulueruntque Deum atque dixerunt: “ Quis erit in exercitu nostro princeps certaminis contra filios Beniamin? ”. Quibus respondit Dominus: “ Iuda ascendet primus ”.

Verš 9

Et postea descendentes pugnaverunt contra Chananaeum, qui habitabat in montanis et in Nageb et in Sephela.

Joz 10:36 - Ascendit quoque cum omni Israel de Eglon in Hebron et pugnavit contra eam.

Joz 11:21 - In tempore illo venit Iosue et interfecit Enacim de montanis Hebron et Dabir et Anab et de omni monte Iudae et Israel urbesque eorum delevit.

Joz 15:13 - Chaleb vero filio Iephonne dedit partem in medio filiorum Iudae, sicut praeceperat Dominus Iosue: Cariatharbe (id est civitas Arbe), patris Enac, ipsa est Hebron.

Verš 10

Pergensque Iuda contra Chananaeum, qui habitabat in Hebron, cui nomen fuit antiquitus Cariatharbe, percussit Sesai et Ahiman et Tholmai.

Joz 15:14 - Delevitque ex ea Chaleb tres filios Enac: Sesai et Ahiman et Tholmai de stirpe Enac.

Verš 11

Atque inde profectus abiit ad habitatores Dabir, cuius nomen vetus erat Cariathsepher (id est civitas Litterarum).

Joz 15:15 - Atque inde conscendens venit ad habitatores Dabir, quae prius vocabatur Cariathsepher (id est civitas Litterarum).

Verš 20

Dederuntque Chaleb Hebron, sicut dixerat Moyses, qui expulit ex ea tres filios Enac.

Nm 14:24 - Servum meum Chaleb, qui plenus alio spiritu secutus est me, inducam in terram hanc, quam circuivit, et semen eius possidebit eam.

Joz 14:13 - Benedixitque ei Iosue et tradidit Hebron in possessionem;

Verš 23

Nam, cum explorarent urbem, quae prius Luza vocabatur,

Gn 28:19 - Appellavitque nomen loci illius Bethel; prius autem urbs vocabatur Luza.

Verš 27

Manasses quoque non occupavit Bethsan et Thanach cum viculis suis nec expulit habitatores Dor et Ieblaam et Mageddo cum viculis suis; mansitque Chananaeus in terra hac.

Joz 17:11 - Fuitque hereditas Manasse in Issachar et in Aser: Bethsan et filiae eius et Ieblaam cum filiabus suis et habitatores Dor cum filiabus suis, habitatores quoque Endor cum filiabus suis; similiterque habitatores Thanach cum filiabus suis et habitatores Mageddo cum filiabus suis et tertia pars regionis Nopheth.

Verš 29

Ephraim etiam non expulit Chananaeum, qui habitabat in Gazer, sed habitavit Chananaeus in medio eius in Gazer.

Joz 16:10 - Et non interfecerunt filii Ephraim Chananaeum, qui habitabat in Gazer; habitavitque Chananaeus in medio Ephraim usque in diem hanc et factus est tributarius.

Sdc 1,1 - Začiatok porov. s Joz 1,1. Poznámka o smrti Jozueho (Joz 24,29) by vhodne zapadla pred 2,11; tam vlastne začína popis udalostí, ktoré sa stali po smrti Jozueho. 1,1 – 2,10 je výťah z Joz, čiže prehľad o dobytí krajiny, ktorý oboznamuje čitateľa Sdc o politickom stave Izraela po smrti Jozueho. Tento dosť suchý úvod je spestrený troma živými obrazmi (v. 5–7, 12–15, 24–26). Spomína tu všetky izraelské kmene – ako Joz 14 n. pri delení krajiny –, okrem Isachara. – Dotaz na Pána sa stal posvätnými lósmi "ur im" a "tumim" (porov. Ex 28,30; Nm 27,21; Joz 7,16 nn.) v Galgale, kde mali Izraeliti prvé táborište po prechode Jordána (Joz 4,19; 5,9).

Sdc 1,3 - Simeon a Júda pochádzali od tej istej matky, Lie (Gn 29,33.35). Aj preto si pomáhajú tieto dva kmene, lebo podiel Simeonov bol v území Júdovom. Pozri Joz 19,1 nn.

Sdc 1,4 - Ferezejci, okrem Kanaánčanov, bývali na území Júdovom a Simeonovom. – Azda "Bezek" je porušený názov mesta Azeky (Joz 10,10 n.). Iný je Bezek v podiele Manassesa, južne od pohoria Gelboe (1 Sam 11,8).

Sdc 1,5 - Pôvodne sa kráľ menoval asi Adoni-Sedek, ale vzhľadom na meno mesta Bezek bolo zmenené na Adoni-Bezek (t. j. pán Bezeka). Treba však robiť rozdiel medzi Adonibezekom, ktorý zomrel v Jeruzaleme (v. 7), a jeruzalemským kráľom Adonisedekom, ktorý zomrel v Makede (Joz 10,26).

Sdc 1,6 - Vg hovorí, že Adonibezekovi uťali "končatiny na rukách a na nohách". Mrzačenie porazených nepriateľov, aby neboli schopní ďalšieho boja, bolo častým zjavom v starom Oriente. Že takáto ukrutnosť nevyplýva z ducha zjaveného náboženstva, vidieť z Dt 20. Izraeliti zaobchádzali s porazeným nepriateľom tak, ako by bol on zaobchodil s nimi. Vtedy platila zásada: Oko za oko, zub za zub. Pritom ani zďaleka neboli Izraeliti takí ukrutní ako iné národy.

Sdc 1,7 - Porov. Lk 16,21 o žobrákovi Lazárovi. – "Sedemdesiat" je zaokrúhlená číslica, ktorá značí veľmi mnoho.

Sdc 1,10-15 - Vv. 10–15 je skoro doslovné znenie Joz 15,14–19. Rozdiel je len v tom, že v Joz sa pripisuje spomenutá výprava Kalebovi, tu zas kmeňu Júdovmu. Keďže Kaleb bol z kmeňa Júdovho (Nm 13,7; 34,19), vecného rozporu medzi oboma správami niet; len Joz 15,14 nn. sa tu zovšeobecňuje. Vidieť, že spisovatelia Kníh Joz a Sdc čerpali z jedného prameňa. Táto udalosť stala sa teda ešte za Jozueho. – "Karjatsefer, to je Mesto písem" (či Knižné mesto), ako vysvetľuje Vg.

Sdc 1,16 - Mojžišov svokor bol Jetro (Ex 3,1), ako výslovne uvádza LXX. Zdá sa, že časť Jetrových potomkov, Kenejcov, sa pridala pod vedením Hobaba (porov. Nm 10,29–32) k Izraelitom ešte na púšti, kde im preukazovali dobré služby. O Kenejcoch pozri tiež Nm 24,21 n. Po príchode do Kanaánu osadili sa asi v dobytom Jerichu. Teraz sa pridali k výprave Júdovcov, aby si vydobyli kraje, ktoré im boli sľúbené (Nm 10,32). Pozri tiež 4,11; 1 Sam 15,6. – Mesto paliem je Jericho, Dt 34,3; 2 Krn 28,15. – Arad (Joz 12,14), dnes Tell 'Arad, 25 km južne od Hebrona. Južne odtiaľ sa potulovali Amalekiti; porov. 1 Sam 15,6. – Júdska púšť sa rozkladá od júdskych hôr na východ k Mŕtvemu moru. Sídla Kenejcov boli teda v juhozápadnej časti Júdskej púšte.

Sdc 1,17 - Horma (Chorma – Kliatba, porov. "chérem"), pozri Nm 14,45; 21,3; Dt 1,44; Joz 12,14; 15,30; 19,4. O kliatbe pozri Joz 6,21; 8,24; 10,28; 11,11.

Sdc 1,20 - K v. 20 pozri Joz 14,13; 15,13. – K v. 21 pozri Joz 15,63. V Joz je miesto Benjamína Júda. Jeruzalem bol bezprostredne na hranici medzi územím Júdovým a Benjamínovým (Joz 18,15–17), ale patril Benjamínovcom (Joz 18,28). Podľa v. 8 podarilo sa Júdovcom raz Jeruzalem vydobyť, ale nepodarilo sa to druhý raz Benjamínovcom. Porov. Joz 15,63.

Sdc 1,21 - Až dodnes – do dôb spisovateľa, čím chce potvrdiť pravdivosť svojho údaja.

Sdc 1,22-24 - Doteraz opisoval pomery u Júdovcov, Simeonovcov a Benjamínovcov. Ďalej sa dotýka, ale celkom stručne, pomerov ostatných kmeňov. – Dom Jozefov – Efraim a Manasses Joz 17,17. – Betel (Joz 7,2) podľa Joz 16,2 bol na južných hraniciach Efraimcov, ktorým vždy patril, hoci podľa Joz 18,13 bol daný Benjamínovcom. – O Beteli-Luze pozri Gn 28,19–22; Joz 16,2; 18,13. – "Dáme ti milosť" – nezabijeme ťa. Porov. (v. 25): Joz 2,14 o Rachabe.

Sdc 1,26 - Luza, asi kde je dnes Chirbet el-Luvézije pri Al-Gražare, 1 hod. severozápadne od Tell el-Kádi.

Sdc 1,27-29 - K v. 27 pozri Joz 17,12 n. – V. 29 je obdobou Joz 16,10.

Sdc 1,30-33 - O mestách Zabulonových pozri Joz 19,15 n., Aserových Joz 19,24 nn., o mestách Neftaliho Joz 19,35 nn.