Kniha Múdrosti

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Múd 18, 1-25

1 But your saints were your greatest light, and they heard your voice, but did not see your form. And because they themselves did not also suffer the same things, they praised you greatly. 2 And those who were wounded before, gave thanks, because they were no longer being wounded, and because they had petitioned for this gift, that there would be this difference. 3 Because of this, they had a burning column of fire as a guide on the unknown way, and you displayed a harmless sun of a good hospitality. 4 The others, indeed, deserved to be deprived of the light and to endure a prison of darkness, who watched for an opportunity to imprison your sons, by whom the incorruptible light of the law was beginning to be given to future generations. 5 When they thought to kill the babes of the just, one son having been exposed and set free, to their disgrace, you took away a multitude of their sons and destroyed them all together in a mighty water. 6 For that night was known beforehand by our fathers, so that, knowing the truth of the oaths in which they had trusted, they might be more peaceful in their souls. 7 Yet your people received not only the salvation of the just, but also the destruction of the unjust. 8 For just as you wounded our adversaries, so also did you greatly esteem calling us forth. 9 For the just children of goodness were secretly offering sacrifice, and in agreement they administered the law of justice, so that both good and bad would be able to receive justice, and so that you might now approve of their chanting to the father. 10 On the other hand, a dissimilar voice was resounding from the enemies, and a lamentable wailing was heard for the children who were being cried over. 11 But the same punishment afflicted the servant with the master, and the common man endured the same as the king. 12 Therefore, all were the same, with one name for death, and the dead were innumerable. For neither were the living sufficient to bury the dead, because, with a single effort, their most illustrious nation was exterminated. 13 For they would not believe anything because of the drugs; then truly, at the beginning, when the extermination of the firstborn happened, they pledged the people to belong to God. 14 For, when a quiet silence surrounded all things, and when the course of the night was passing the middle of its journey, 15 your almighty word from heaven leapt down from your royal throne, as a fierce warrior in the midst of the land of extermination, 16 as a sharp sword carrying your unfeigned authority, and standing, filled all things with death, and, standing on the earth, reached all the way up to touch heaven. 17 Then, incessant visions of nightmares disturbed them, and unexpected fears overcame them. 18 And another was thrown down elsewhere half-alive; and so, by means of that which was dying, the cause of death was revealed. 19 For the visions that disturbed them had forewarned of these things, lest they should perish and not know why they suffered these evils. 20 Yet, at that time, the trial of death touched even the just, and there was a disturbance of the multitude in the wilderness, but your wrath did not continue for long. 21 For a blameless man, prospering, is to be entreated for your people, bringing forth the shield of your service, through prayer and incense, making prayerful supplication, he withstands anger, and so establishes an end to the necessary difficulty, revealing that he is your servant. 22 Yet he outlasted the disturbance, not by virtue of the body, nor by force of arms, but, with a word, he subdued those who were troubling him, commemorating the oaths and covenant of the parents. 23 For when they were now fallen down dead by heaps one upon another, he stood between them and cut off their attack, and he divided those who controlled the path to the living. 24 For, within the garment of shame which he held, the world was all together, and the great deeds of the parents were engraved on four orders of stones, and your majesty was engraved on the crown of his head. 25 Yet he who was exterminating yielded even to those he frightened. For one trial of wrath was sufficient.

Mud 18,1 - Izraeliti neboli v tme (Ex 10,23).

Mud 18,3 - O ohnivom stĺpe pozri Ex 13,21 n.; 14,19 n.; 40,38; Nm 9,17 n.; Ž 78,14; 105,39.

Mud 18,4 - Aj proroci predpovedali, že svet dostane Boží zákon prostredníctvom Izraela; Iz 2,2 n.; Mich 4,1 n. atď.; porov. Mt 5,17; Sk 2,4 n. Zákon, ktorý Boh dal Izraelitom na hore Sinaj (tóra), častejšie sa prirovnáva svetlu: Prís 6,23; Ž 19,9; 119,105; Iz 2,5.

Mud 18,5 - O zabíjaní dietok Izraelitov pozri Ex 1,15 n.22. Vyložené a zachránené dieťa bol Mojžiš; dietky zahubené vo veľkej vode bolo egyptské vojsko, ktoré zahynulo v Červenom mori.

Mud 18,6 - Boh už Abrahámovi predpovedal útlak v Egypte a vyslobodenie (Gn 15,13; porov. Gn 22,16–18; 26,3; Ex 13,5; 32,13; 33,1). Izraeliti v Egypte vopred vedeli o záhube egyptských prvorodencov, ktorí v tú hroznú noc pomreli, porov. Ex 11,4–7; 12,21–23.

Mud 18,8 - Boh volá Izraelitov z Egypta k sebe, do svojich služieb v zasľúbenej zemi.

Mud 18,9 - V tú noc, keď anjel záhuby usmrcoval egyptských prvorodených, Izraeliti vo svojich domoch, teda "skryte", obetovali veľkonočného baránka. Bol to Boží zákon, ktorému sa všetci Izraeliti podrobili a uzhodli sa, že v slasti i v strasti budú všetci úzko spolupatriť. Exodus nehovorí, žeby pri prvom slávení veľkonočného baránka Izraeliti boli spievali žalmy. Ale z neskorších správ aj z tohto miesta Knihy múdrosti vieme, že sa pri slávení tejto večere spievali chválospevy (2 Krn 30,21).

Mud 18,13 - Egyptskí čarodejníci vedeli svojimi čarami napodobniť niektoré rany (Ex 7,11.22; 8,3), preto neverili, že by Izrael mal nejaké poslanie od Boha; až pri poslednej rane, pri záhube prvorodených uznali, že Izrael je Božím synom (porov. Ex 4,22 n.; Oz 11,1; Jer 31,9–20).

Mud 18,15 - "Slovo" Božie je tu len Boží rozkaz, ktorým sa nariaďuje smrť prvorodených v "zemi odsúdenej na záhubu", v Egypte.

Mud 18,16-19 - V Ex 12,29 n. sa o snoch prvorodencov nič nehovorí.

Mud 18,20-25 - Aj Izraeliti hynuli na púšti hromadne, ale bola to iba skúška, ktorá rýchle pominula, lebo veľkňaz Áron uprosil Boha. Veľkňaz sa predstavuje ako bojovník, bojujúci zbraňami svojho úradu – modlitbou a kadidlom. Áron sa postavil medzi hromady mŕtvol a medzi živých Izraelitov a svojou modlitbou a obetou zamedzil šírenie nákazy. Veľkňazovo dlhé, tmavomodré rúcho (meíl) predstavovalo celý svet. Nevieme presne prečo. Azda preto, že v tom čase veľkňaz Izraela bol jediným veľkňazom pravého Boha na svete, zastupoval teda naozaj celý svet. Ale veľkňaz predstavoval aj vyvolený národ, pretože na náprsenke (chóšen) mal v štyroch radoch dvanásť drahokamov a na každom z nich bolo meno jedného z dvanástich Jakubových synov, podľa ktorých sa volalo dvanásť kmeňov izraelských. Konečne predstavoval veľkňaz aj samotnú velebnosť Boha, lebo na svojej veľkňazskej čiapke mal na čele zlatú tabuľku s vyrytými slovami: "Kódeš lejahwe" (Zasvätený Pánovi). Preto bola sila veľkňazovej modlitby veľká a zastavila nákazu medzi Izraelitmi. Pozri Nm 16,41–50 Vulg.