  | Kniha DeuteronómiumBiblia - Sväté písmo(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD) | Dt 24, 1-22 |
1 Dt 24, 1 “If a man takes a wife, and he has her, and she does not find favor before his eyes because of some vileness, then he shall write a bill of divorce, and he shall give it to her hand, and he shall dismiss her from his house. 2 Dt 24, 2 And when, having departed, she has married another, 3 Dt 24, 3 and if he likewise hates her, and has given her a bill of divorce, and has dismissed her from his house, or if indeed he has died, 4 Dt 24, 4 then the former husband cannot take her back as a wife. For she has been polluted and has become abominable in the sight of the Lord. Otherwise, you may cause your land, which the Lord your God will deliver to you as a possession, to sin. 5 Dt 24, 5 When a man has recently taken a wife, he shall not go out to war, nor shall any public office be enjoined upon him. Instead, he shall be free at home without guilt, so that for one year he may rejoice with his wife. 6 Dt 24, 6 You shall not accept an upper or lower millstone as collateral. For then he will have placed his life with you. 7 Dt 24, 7 If a man has been caught soliciting his brother among the sons of Israel, and selling him in order to receive a price, then he shall be put to death. And so shall you take away the evil from your midst. 8 Dt 24, 8 Observe diligently, lest you incur the wound of leprosy. But you shall do whatever the priests of the Levitical stock shall teach you to do, according to what I have instructed them. And you shall fulfill it carefully. 9 Dt 24, 9 Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam, along the way, as you were departing from Egypt. 109 10 Dt 24, 10 When you require from your neighbor anything that he owes to you, you shall not enter into his house in order to take away the collateral. 11 Dt 24, 11 Instead, you shall stand outside, and he will carry out to you what he has. 12 Dt 24, 12 But if he is poor, then the collateral shall not remain with you through the night. 13 Dt 24, 13 Instead, you shall return it to him promptly, before the setting of the sun, so that, sleeping in his own garment, he may bless you, and you may have justice in the presence of the Lord your God. 14 Dt 24, 14 You shall not refuse the pay of the indigent and the poor, whether he is your brother, or he is a new arrival who dwells with you in the land and is within your gates. 15 Dt 24, 15 Instead, you shall pay him the price of his labor on the same day, before the setting of the sun. For he is poor, and with it he sustains his life. Otherwise, he may cry out against you to the Lord, and it would be charged to you as a sin. 16 Dt 24, 16 The fathers shall not be put to death on behalf of the sons, nor the sons on behalf of the fathers, but each one shall die for his own sin. 17 Dt 24, 17 You shall not pervert the judgment of the new arrival or the orphan, nor shall you take away the widow’s garment as collateral. 18 Dt 24, 18 Remember that you served in Egypt, and that the Lord your God rescued you from there. Therefore, I am instructing you to act in this way. 19 Dt 24, 19 When you have reaped the grain in your field, and, having forgotten, you leave behind a sheaf, you shall not return to take it away. Instead, you shall permit the new arrival, and the orphan, and the widow to take it away, so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the works of your hands. 20 Dt 24, 20 If you have gathered the fruit of your olive trees, you shall not return in order to gather whatever may remain on the trees. Instead, you shall leave it behind for the new arrival, the orphan, and the widow. 21 Dt 24, 21 If you harvest the vintage of your vineyard, you shall not gather the remaining clusters. Instead, they shall fall to the use of the stranger, the orphan, and the widow. 22 Dt 24, 22 Remember that you also served in Egypt, and so, for this reason, I am instructing you to act in this way.”
| | | Dt 24, 1-22 |
Verš 1
“If a man takes a wife, and he has her, and she does not find favor before his eyes because of some vileness, then he shall write a bill of divorce, and he shall give it to her hand, and he shall dismiss her from his house.
Mt 5:31 - And it has been said: ‘Whoever would dismiss his wife, let him give her a bill of divorce.’
Mt 19:7 - They said to him, “Then why did Moses command him to give a bill of divorce, and to separate?”
Mk 10:4 - And they said, “Moses gave permission to write a bill of divorce and to dismiss her.”
Verš 5
When a man has recently taken a wife, he shall not go out to war, nor shall any public office be enjoined upon him. Instead, he shall be free at home without guilt, so that for one year he may rejoice with his wife.
Dt 20:7 - What man is there, who has betrothed a wife, and has not taken her? Let him go, and return to his house, lest perhaps he may die in battle, and another man may take her.’
Verš 7
If a man has been caught soliciting his brother among the sons of Israel, and selling him in order to receive a price, then he shall be put to death. And so shall you take away the evil from your midst.
Ex 21:16 - Whoever will have stolen a man and sold him, having been convicted of the crime, shall be put to death.
Verš 8
Observe diligently, lest you incur the wound of leprosy. But you shall do whatever the priests of the Levitical stock shall teach you to do, according to what I have instructed them. And you shall fulfill it carefully.
Lv 13:2 - The man in whose skin or flesh there will have arisen a diverse color, or a pustule, or something that seems to shine, which is the mark of leprosy, shall be brought to Aaron the priest, or to anyone you wish among his sons.
Verš 9
Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam, along the way, as you were departing from Egypt. 109
Nm 12:10 - Likewise, the cloud which was over the tabernacle withdrew. And behold, Miriam appeared to be white with a leprosy, like snow. And when Aaron had looked upon her, and he had seen the spreading of the leprosy,
Verš 13
Instead, you shall return it to him promptly, before the setting of the sun, so that, sleeping in his own garment, he may bless you, and you may have justice in the presence of the Lord your God.
Ex 22:26 - If you take a garment from your neighbor as a pledge, you shall return it to him again before the setting of the sun.
Verš 14
You shall not refuse the pay of the indigent and the poor, whether he is your brother, or he is a new arrival who dwells with you in the land and is within your gates.
Lv 19:13 - You shall not slander your neighbor, nor shall you oppress him by violence. The wages of a hired hand, you shall not delay with you until tomorrow.
Jak 5:4 - Consider the pay of the workers who reaped your fields: it has been misappropriated by you; it cries out. And their cry has entered into the ears of the Lord of hosts.
Verš 16
The fathers shall not be put to death on behalf of the sons, nor the sons on behalf of the fathers, but each one shall die for his own sin.
2Kr 14:6 - But the sons of those who had been killed he did not put to death, in accord with what was written in the book of the law of Moses, just as the Lord instructed, saying: “The fathers shall not die for the sons, and the sons shall not die for the fathers. Instead, each one shall die for his own sin.”
2Krn 25:4 - But he did not put to death their sons, just as it was written in the book of the law of Moses, where the Lord instructed, saying: “The fathers shall not be slain because of the sons, nor the sons because of their fathers. Instead, each one shall die for his 250 own sin.”
Jer 31:30 - Instead, each one will die for his own iniquity. Each man who will have eaten a bitter grape, his own teeth will be affected.
Ez 18:20 - The soul that sins, the same shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, and the father shall not bear the iniquity of the son. The justice of the just man shall be upon himself, but the impiety of the impious man shall be upon himself.
Verš 17
You shall not pervert the judgment of the new arrival or the orphan, nor shall you take away the widow’s garment as collateral.
Ex 22:21 - You shall not harass the newcomer, nor shall you afflict him. For you yourselves were once newcomers in the land of Egypt.
Prís 22:22 - Do not act with violence toward the pauper because he is poor. And do not weary the needy at the gate.
Iz 1:23 - Your leaders are unfaithful, the associates of thieves. They all love gifts; they pursue rewards. They do not judge for orphans, and the widow’s case is not brought before them.
Jer 5:28 - They have grown stout and fat. And they have transgressed my words most wickedly. They have not judged the case of the widow; they have not given guidance to the case of the orphan; and they have not judged a judgment for the poor.
Jer 22:3 - Thus says the Lord: Exercise judgment and justice, and free anyone who is oppressed by violence from the hand of a false accuser. And do not be willing to sadden the new arrival, or the orphan, or the widow, nor should you burden them unfairly. And you shall not shed innocent blood in this place.
Ez 22:29 - The people of the land have oppressed with slander and have seized with violence. They have afflicted the needy and the poor, and they have oppressed the new arrival by accusations without judgment.
Za 7:10 - And do not find fault with the widow, and the orphan, and the newcomer, and the poor. And let not a man consider evil in his heart towards his brother.
Verš 19
When you have reaped the grain in your field, and, having forgotten, you leave behind a sheaf, you shall not return to take it away. Instead, you shall permit the new arrival, and the orphan, and the widow to take it away, so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the works of your hands.
Lv 19:9 - When you will have harvested the grain fields of your land, you shall not cut it down to the surface of the land, even to the ground, nor shall you gather the remaining ears of grain.
Lv 23:22 - And when you will have harvested the grain fields of your land, you shall not cut it down all the way to the ground; neither shall you gather the remnants of the ears of grain, but you shall leave these for paupers and strangers. I am the Lord your God.
Dt 24,1-4 - Mojžišovské zákonodarstvo dovoľovalo manželskú rozluku. Muž mohol prepustiť manželku, keď u nej zbadal "niečo odporné", hebr. 'ervath-dábhár. Isteže to bola nejaká vážna chyba, či už telesná alebo mravná. V neskorších časoch však Židia prepúšťali svoje ženy pre hocaké malé nedorozumenie (Mt 19,3). Pre platnosť manželskej rozluky musel muž napísať, prípadne dal napísať kňazovi alebo pisárovi pre manželku zapudzujúci list, ktorý podpísali svedkovia. Tento úradný akt bol často príčinou, že muž si rozmyslel a ženu neprepustil, najmä keď ju chcel prepustiť pre nepatrnú vec. Muž musel list sám dať žene do rúk a z domu ju vystrčiť. Takto úradne prepustenú ženu nesmel si muž už neskoršie vziať za ženu, ak sa medzitým vydala za iného. O tom, či si mohol vziať takú zapudenú ženu, ktorá sa nevydala, v Písme nemáme zmienky. Zapudzujúcim, čiže prepúšťacím listom židovské manželstvo sa právne rozlučovalo a obe stránky boli voľné, mohli uzavrieť nové manželstvo. Kristus oproti tomu vyhlasuje manželský zväzok za nerozlučiteľný a dovolil len za určitých okolností rozvod, nie však manželskú rozluku. Pozri Gn 2,24.
Dt 24,5 - Pozri 20,7. Cieľom zákona je podporiť manželský zväzok a dovoliť užívať radosti, ktoré nie sú hriešne.
Dt 24,6 - Ručný mlynček bol v každej izraelskej domácnosti. Boli to dva kamene: spodný bol upevnený a vrchným sa po nasypanom obilí pohybovalo sem-tam a takto sa pripravovala múka.
Dt 24,7 - Pozri Ex 21,16.
Dt 24,8-9 - Porov. Lv 13,14.
Dt 24,12-13 - Odev je plášť, ktorým sa chudobní v noci prikrývali. Nemali iné, čím by sa prikryli (Ex 22,25 n.).
Dt 24,15 - Vyplácalo sa v naturáliách, preto je pochopiteľné, že robotník, ktorý nemal iný majetok a príjem, potreboval túto "plácu" k dennému živobytiu (Lv 19,13; Tob 4,14; Jak 5,4).
Dt 24,17-18 - Porov. Ex 22,21 n.; 23,6; Lv 19,33.
Dt 24,19-22 - Pozri Lv 19,9–10; 23,22; Dt 14,29; 15,10; 23,20.
