  | Kniha DeuteronómiumBiblia - Sväté písmo(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD) | Dt 21, 1-23 |
1 Dt 21, 1 “When there will have been found in the land, which the Lord your God will give to you, the corpse of a man who has been killed, and it is not known who is guilty of the murder, 2 Dt 21, 2 your judges and those greater by birth shall go out and measure, from the place of the corpse, the distance to each of the surrounding cities. 3 Dt 21, 3 And in whichever one they perceive to be closer than the others, the elders shall take a calf from the herd, one which has not pulled with a yoke, nor tilled with a plow. 4 Dt 21, 4 And they shall lead it into a rough and stony valley, one which has never been tilled or sown. And in that place, they shall cut the neck of the calf. 5 Dt 21, 5 And the priests the sons of Levi shall approach, those whom the Lord your God has chosen to minister to him, and to bless in his name, and to decide every controversy by their word, and to judge which things are clean and which are unclean. 6 Dt 21, 6 And those greater by birth of that city, nearest to the one who was slain, shall go and shall wash their hands over the calf that was killed in the valley. 7 Dt 21, 7 And they shall say: ‘Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it. 8 Dt 21, 8 Be merciful to your people Israel, whom you have redeemed, O Lord, and do not charge them with innocent blood in the midst of your people Israel.’ And so the guilt of the blood will be taken away from them. 9 Dt 21, 9 Then you will be free from the blood that was shed against the innocent, when you will have done as the Lord has instructed you. 10 Dt 21, 10 If you have gone out to fight against your enemies, and the Lord your God has delivered them into your hand, and if, as you are leading away the captives, 11 Dt 21, 11 you see among the number of the captives a beautiful woman, and you love her, and you are willing to have her as a wife: 12 Dt 21, 12 then you shall lead her into your house. And she shall shave off her hair, and cut her nails short, 13 Dt 21, 13 and remove the garment in which she was captured. And she shall sit in your house and weep for her father and mother, for one month. And after that, you shall enter to her and sleep with her, and she shall be your wife. 14 Dt 21, 14 But if afterwards she does not sit well in your mind, you shall set her free. You cannot sell her for money, nor can you oppress her by force. For you have humiliated her. 15 Dt 21, 15 If a man has two wives, one beloved and the other hated, and they have produced children by him, and if the son of the hated wife is the firstborn, 16 Dt 21, 16 and if he wishes to divide his substance among his sons: he cannot make the son of the beloved wife the firstborn, and so prefer him before the son of the hated wife. 17 Dt 21, 17 Instead, he shall acknowledge the son of the hated wife as the firstborn, and he shall give to him a double portion of all that he has. For he is the first among his children, and the rights of the firstborn are owed to him. 18 Dt 21, 18 If a man produces a disobedient and reckless son, who will not listen to the orders of his father or mother, and, having been corrected, shows contempt for obedience: 19 Dt 21, 19 they shall take him and lead him to the elders of the city and to the gate of judgment. 20 Dt 21, 20 And they shall say to them: ‘This our son is reckless and disobedient. He shows contempt when listening to our admonitions. He occupies himself with carousing, and self-indulgence, and feasting.’ 21 Dt 21, 21 Then the people of the city shall stone him to death. And he shall die, so that you may take away the evil from your midst. And so may all of Israel, upon hearing it, be very afraid. 22 Dt 21, 22 When a man will have sinned in a matter which is punished by death, and, having been judged unto death, he has been hanged on a gallows: 23 Dt 21, 23 his corpse shall not remain on the tree. Instead, he shall be buried on the same day. For he who hangs from a tree has been cursed by God, and you shall not defile your land, which the Lord your God will give to you as a possession.”
| | | Dt 21, 1-23 |
Verš 17
Instead, he shall acknowledge the son of the hated wife as the firstborn, and he shall give to him a double portion of all that he has. For he is the first among his children, and the rights of the firstborn are owed to him.
1Krn 5:1 - Also, there were the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel. For indeed, he was his firstborn, but when he had violated the bed of his father, his right as firstborn was given to the sons of Joseph, the son of Israel, and he was not reputed as firstborn.
Gn 49:3 - Reuben, my firstborn, you are my strength and the beginning of my sorrow: first in gifts, greater in authority.
Verš 23
his corpse shall not remain on the tree. Instead, he shall be buried on the same day. For he who hangs from a tree has been cursed by God, and you shall not defile your land, which the Lord your God will give to you as a possession.”
Gal 3:13 - Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, since he became a curse for us. For it is written: “Cursed is anyone who hangs from a tree.”
Dt 21,1-9 - Každá vyliata krv volá k nebu o pomstu (Gn 4,10). V tom prípade, keď sa vrah nedal zistiť, museli akosi na základe spoločnej zodpovednosti úkon zmierenia vykonať tí, čo najbližšie bývali k miestu, kde sa stala vražda. Starší a sudcovia zastupujú celú pospolitosť. Skutočnosť, že sa mala vybrať jalovica, čo nenosila jarmo, a že sa mala zabiť na ne obrábanej pôde, naznačuje, že nešlo o svetskú vec, lež o náboženský úkon. Umývanie rúk nad zabitou jalovicou (v. 6) znázorňovalo nevinnosť obyvateľov príslušného mesta, čo sa týka vraždy (Ž 26,6; Mt 27,24).
Dt 21,10-14 - Prípad nemá na zreteli Kanaánčanky, pretože aj tie museli byť povraždené (7,3). Ide o zaja té ženy z iných národov, ale nie o tie, čo obývali Palestínu pred príchodom Izraelitov. Takáto žena mimopalestínskeho pôvodu bola len otrokyňou a vo všetkom sa musela podrobiť zákonom svoj ho pána. Preto nebolo tu nebezpečenstva, že žena zvedie svojho muža k odpadu od Pána a nevere. Ostrihať si vlasy atď. bolo znakom smútku (Lv 14,8; Nm 8,7).
Dt 21,15-17 - Zdá sa, že v starších predmojžišských časoch v rozhodovaní o práve prvorodeného mal otec istú voľnosť. Mohol preniesť právo prvorodeného aj na mladšieho syna (Gn 27,4; 49,3.4). Tu sa zastáva právo toho, čo je skutočne prvorodený, bez ohľadu na to, či je synom hlavnej, či vedľajšej manželky, či slobodnej, či otrokyne.
Dt 21,18-21 - Mojžiš neuznáva otcovo právo na život a smrť dieťaťa.
Dt 21,22-23 - Ide tu o popraveného človeka, ktorého mŕtvola sa potom obesila na kôl (Gn 40,19; Joz 10,26 n.; 2 Sam 4,12). V zločincovej mŕtvole je zosobnená kliatba, ktorú vyriekol sám Boh ústami sudcov. Táto kliatba by poškvrňovala izraelskú zem, preto mŕtvola sa musela pochovať ešte v ten deň, keď sa vykonala poprava. Rozsudok smrti sa vykonal kameňovaním. Obesenie mŕtvoly naznačovalo zväčšenie trestu a bolo aj výstrahou pre žijúcich.
