Kniha Levitikus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Lv 24, 1-23

1 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 Instruct the sons of Israel, so that they may bring to you clear oil from the purest olives, in order to supply the lamps continuously 3 outside the veil of the testimony in the tabernacle of the covenant. And Aaron shall place these, from evening until morning, before the Lord, as a perpetual worship and ritual in your generations. 4 They shall be placed upon the most pure candlestick in the sight of the Lord always. 5 You shall also receive fine wheat flour, and you shall bake twelve loaves from it, each loaf of which shall have two-tenths. 6 And you shall arrange them, six on each side, upon the most pure table before the Lord. 7 And you shall place upon them the clearest frankincense, so that the bread may be a memorial of oblation for the Lord. 8 On each Sabbath, they shall be changed before the Lord, having been received from the sons of Israel as an everlasting covenant. 9 And they shall be for Aaron and his sons, so that they may eat these in the holy place; for it is the Holy of holies from the sacrifices of the Lord, as a perpetual right. 10 Then, behold, the son of an Israelite woman, whom she had born of an Egyptian man among the sons of Israel, going out, was quarreling in the camp with a man of Israel. 11 And when he had blasphemed the name, and had cursed it, he was led to Moses. (Now his mother was called Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri from the tribe of Dan.) 12 And they sent him to prison, until they might know what the Lord would command, 13 who spoke to Moses, 14 saying: Lead away the blasphemer beyond the camp, and let all who heard him place their hands upon his head, and let the entire people stone him. 15 And you shall say to the sons of Israel: The man who curses his God shall bear his sin, 16 and whoever will have blasphemed the name of the Lord shall be put to death. The entire multitude shall overwhelm him with stones, whether he be a citizen or a sojourner. Whoever blasphemes the name of the Lord shall be put to death. 17 Whoever will have struck and killed a man shall be put to death. 18 Whoever will have struck down an animal shall repay its equivalent, that is, a life for a life. 19 Whoever will have inflicted a blemish on any of his citizens, just as he has done, so shall it be done to him: 20 fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, shall he repay. Whatever degree of blemish he has inflicted, so shall he be compelled to suffer. 21 Whoever strikes down a beast, shall repay another. Whoever strikes a man shall be punished. 22 Let there be equal judgment among you, whether it is a sojourner or a citizen who will have sinned. For I am the Lord your God. 23 And Moses spoke to the sons of Israel. And they led away him who had blasphemed, beyond the camp, and they overwhelmed him with stones. And the sons of Israel did just as the Lord had instructed Moses.

Verš 9

And they shall be for Aaron and his sons, so that they may eat these in the holy place; for it is the Holy of holies from the sacrifices of the Lord, as a perpetual right.

Ex 29:32 - And Aaron and his sons shall feed on it. Likewise, the loaves which are in the basket, they shall consume in the vestibule of the tabernacle of the testimony,

Lv 8:31 - And when he had sanctified them with their vestments, he instructed them, saying: “Cook the flesh before the entrance of the tabernacle, and eat it there. Likewise, eat the loaves of consecration, which have been placed in the basket, just as the Lord instructed me, saying: ‘Aaron and his sons shall eat them.’

1Sam 21:6 - Therefore, the priest gave to him sanctified bread. For there was no bread there, but only the bread of the Presence, which had been taken away from before the face of the Lord, so that fresh loaves might be set up.

Mt 12:4 - how he entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for him to eat, nor for those who were with him, but only for the priests?

Verš 20

fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, shall he repay. Whatever degree of blemish he has inflicted, so shall he be compelled to suffer.

Ex 21:24 - an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot,

Dt 19:21 - You shall not take pity on him. Instead, you shall require a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot.”

Mt 5:38 - You have heard that it was said: ‘An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.’

Lv 24,2 - Porov. Ex 25,20 n.; 37,20.21.

Lv 24,5 - Dve desatiny (efy): 7,20 litra. Porov. Ex 25,23.40.

Lv 24,6-8 - Čistý stôl, t. j. stôl z čistého zlata (Ex 25,24). – Pozri 2,2. Ako čiastka zo suchej obety, čo sa spaľovala na oltári, volala sa pripomienkou, takisto aj toto kadidlo bolo pripomienkou vzhľadom na predkladané chleby. Kadidlo sa spálilo a chleby ostali pre kňazov. Jesť ich mohli len kňazi levitsky čistí, lebo to bolo svätosväté (2,3; 21,22).

Lv 24,10-12 - Tieto verše opisujú okolnosti a podrobné ustanovenia zákona o bohorúhaní. Príhoda sa stala, keď Mojžiš vyhlasoval zákony o svätosti a o sviatkoch (hl. 23 – 25). Meno rúhača sa neuvádza. Nebol to však Izraelita podľa otca. Hriech bohorúhania bol verejný. "Pánovo meno" – Izraeliti z úcty ani nevyslovovali zbytočne meno Jahve, lež nahradzovali ho menom Adonaj (Pán) alebo len jednoducho haššém – meno. – Zákon zakazoval zneužívanie mena Božieho (Ex 20,7), zakazoval modloslužbu a trestal ju smrťou (Ex 22,19), zakazovalo sa aj rúhanie (21,17), lež o treste nebolo ešte zmienky. Rúhanie bolo pokladané za taký veľký hriech, že bohorúhač nie je hodný, aby žil (Sk 7,57). Židia odsúdenca popravovali mimo tábora, neskoršie vonku za bránami mesta (Hebr 13,12). – Vkladanie rúk na hlavu previnilca značí, že Izraeliti počuli jeho bohorúhanie a že naozaj si zaslúži trest smrti (Dt 17,7).

Lv 24,17-22 - Porov. Ex 21,12 n. Zákon odvety bol akýmsi vodidlom pre sudcov, nie však pre súkromné osoby. Vyžadovalo sa riadne obžalovanie vinníka. Pri takýchto úrazoch bolo sa možno aj vykúpiť (Ex 21,23 n.).