Kniha Levitikus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(KJV - Anglický - King James)

Lv 23, 1-44

1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts. 3 Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings. 4 These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons. 5 In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD's passover. 6 And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread. 7 In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein. 8 But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD seven days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein. 9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest: 11 And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it. 12 And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD. 13 And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin. 14 And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. 15 And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete: 16 Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the LORD. 17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD. 18 And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the LORD. 19 Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings. 20 And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the LORD for the priest. 21 And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations. 22 And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God. 23 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 24 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation. 25 Ye shall do no servile work therein: but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD. 26 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 27 Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD. 28 And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God. 29 For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people. 30 And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people. 31 Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. 32 It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath. 33 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 34 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD. 35 On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein. 36 Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein. 37 These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day: 38 Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD. 39 Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath. 40 And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days. 41 And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month. 42 Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths: 43 That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God. 44 And Moses declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of the LORD.

Verš 34

Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.

Ex 23:16 - And the feast of harvest, the firstfruits of thy labours, which thou hast sown in the field: and the feast of ingathering, which is in the end of the year, when thou hast gathered in thy labours out of the field.

Nm 29:12 - And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days:

Dt 16:15 - Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD shall choose: because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine hands, therefore thou shalt surely rejoice.

Verš 3

Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.

Ex 20:9 - Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:

Ex 23:12 - Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.

Dt 5:13 - Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work:

Lk 13:14 - And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the people, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore come and be healed, and not on the sabbath day.

Verš 36

Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein.

Jn 7:37 - In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink.

Verš 5

In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD's passover.

Ex 12:18 - In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.

Ex 23:15 - Thou shalt keep the feast of unleavened bread: (thou shalt eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee, in the time appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest out from Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:)

Nm 28:16 - And in the fourteenth day of the first month is the passover of the LORD.

Dt 16:1 - Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover unto the LORD thy God: for in the month of Abib the LORD thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night.

Verš 15

And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:

Dt 16:9 - Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn.

Verš 22

And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God.

Lv 19:9 - And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleanings of thy harvest.

Dt 24:19 - When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands.

Verš 24

Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation.

Nm 29:1 - And in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work: it is a day of blowing the trumpets unto you.

Verš 27

Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

Lv 16:29 - And this shall be a statute for ever unto you: that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, whether it be one of your own country, or a stranger that sojourneth among you:

Lv 16:31 - It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls, by a statute for ever.

Nm 29:7 - And ye shall have on the tenth day of this seventh month an holy convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work therein:

Lv 23,1-3 - Tri razy do roka bol povinný každý Izraelita zúčastniť sa na bohoslužbách, "na slávnostnom zhromaždení". Tieto sviatky boli: Veľká noc, Letnice a sviatok Stánkov. V tieto dni všetci dospelí Izraeliti (v dvanástom roku sa stával Izraelita synom zákona) mali sa zhromaždiť pri svätostánku, neskoršie v chráme. Zákon nariaďoval, aby priniesli Bohu nejaký dar a aby sa pred Pánom tešili. Za túto prítomnosť Boh prisľúbil, že v tento čas nijaký nepriateľ nenapadne ich krajinu.

Lv 23,4-14 - Veľká noc sa vlastne skladala z dvoch sviatkov: z Paschy a zo sviatku Nekvasených chlebov. Pascha, hebr. pesach, pripomínala prechod trestajúceho anjela popri izraelských domoch, keď hubil všetkých prvorodených v Egypte (Ex 12,11.23.27). Sviatok Nekvasených chlebov slávil sa na pamiatku zázračného vyslobodenia Izraelitov z egyptského otroctva. Paschou sa teda menoval len prvý veľkonočný deň. Pascha značí aj veľkonočného baránka, potom celý veľkonočný týždeň a aj mäso z dobrovoľných obetí (Dt 16,2–6). – V druhý veľkonočný deň, teda 16. nisana, obetoval sa zväzoček klasov z novej úrody. Týmto úkonom sa vlastne začínala aj žatva. Predtým nebolo možno z novej úrody jesť. K veršu 13. porov. Gn 18,6; Ex 29,2; o efe pozri Ex 29,40; o hine Ex 29,40.

Lv 23,15-22 - Od Veľkej noci, čiže od 16. nisana, rátalo sa sedem týždňov a v päťdesiaty deň bol sviatok Letníc, Pentecostes, hebr. slávnosť Týždňov, slávnosť Žatvy alebo Deň prvotín. Sviatok trval len jeden deň. Pôvodne sa oslavovala týmto sviatkom sinajská zmluva, ktorú Pán uzavrel 50. dňa po odchode z Egypta. Aj Letnice boli ďakovným sviatkom za poľnú úrodu. Žatva sa začínala po Veľkej noci a Letnicami sa končila (Ex 23,16).

Lv 23,23-25 - Prvý deň každého mesiaca sa oslavoval slávnosťou, pri ktorej sa obetovalo viac obiet ako v obyčajný deň (Nm 28,11–15). Prvý deň siedmeho mesiaca bol ešte slávnostnejší. Niektorí autori sa domnievajú, že vtedy Izraeliti slávili občiansky Nový rok. Mienka je však nepravdepodobná. Prvým dňom mesiaca tišri začínal sa hospodársky rok. Nový rok náboženský i občiansky začínal sa 1. nisana, aspoň po odchode z Egypta (pozri pozn. Ex 12,1).

Lv 23,27-32 - Porov. poznámky k hl. 16.

Lv 23,33-44 - Sviatok Stánkov slávil sa o päť dní po sviatku Zmierenia, teda 15. tišri, a trval celý týždeň. Meno dostal od stanov, pod ktorými mali Izraeliti bývať celý týždeň. Zvyk stavať stánky zostal u nábožných Židov dodnes. Stánky stavali zo zelených ratolestí. Bývať v stánkoch mali len Izraeliti, cudzinci nie. Sviatok sa slávil na pamiatku pobytu na púšti, keď Izraeliti bývali pod stanmi. V prvý a ostatný deň nesmelo sa pracovať (Nm 29,12.35). Cieľom sviatku bolo tiež poďakovať sa za ovocie, olej a víno, preto sa sviatok nazýval aj slávnosťou Oberačiek. Na slávnosti v prvý deň nosili v rukách ovocie (pomaranče) a kytice zo zelených palmových, myrtových a vŕbových ratoliestok, tzv. lúláb, na znak úrody svojej zeme. Dary (v. 38) sú prvotiny úrody a desiatky.