Kniha Levitikus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Lv 11, 1-47

1 And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: 2 Say to the sons of Israel: These are the animals that you ought to eat out of all the living things of the earth. 3 All that has a divided hoof, and that chews over again, among the cattle, you shall eat. 4 But whatever certainly chews over again, but has a hoof that is not divided, such as the camel and others, these you shall not eat, and you shall consider them to be among what is unclean. 5 The rock rabbit which chews over again, and whose hoof is not divided, is unclean, 6 and so also is the hare, for it too chews over again, yet its hoof is not divided, 7 and also the swine, which, though its hoof is divided, does not chew over again. 8 The flesh of these you shall not eat, nor shall you touch their carcasses, because they are unclean to you. 9 These are the things that breed in the waters, and which it is lawful to eat. All that has little fins and scales, as much in the sea, as in the rivers and ponds, you shall eat. 10 But whatever does not have fins and scales, of those things that live and move in the waters, shall be abominable to you, 11 and detestable; their flesh you shall not eat, and their carcasses you shall avoid. 12 All that does not have fins and scales in the waters shall be polluted. 13 These are those things among the birds which you must not eat, and which are to be avoided by you: the eagle, and the griffin, and the osprey, 14 and the kite, as well as the vulture, according to their kind. 15 and all that is of the raven kind, according to their likeness, 16 the ostrich, and the owl, and the gull, and the hawk, according to its kind, 17 the owl, and the sea bird, and the ibis, 18 and the swan, and the pelican, and the marsh hen, 19 the heron, and the plover according to its kind, the crested hoopoe, and also the bat. 20 Of all that flies, whatever steps upon four feet shall be abominable to you. 21 But whatever certainly walks upon four feet, and also has longer legs behind, with which it hops upon the earth, 22 you shall eat, such as the beetle in its kind, and the cricket, and grasshopper, and the locust, each one according to its kind. 23 But among flying things, whatever has only four feet shall be detestable to you. 24 And whoever will have touched their carcasses shall be defiled, and he shall be unclean until evening. 25 And if it will be necessary to carry any of these dead things, he shall wash his clothes, and he shall be unclean until the sun sets. 26 Every animal that certainly has a hoof, but which is not divided, nor does it chew over again, shall be unclean. And whoever will have touched it shall be contaminated. 27 Whatever walks upon its hands, out of all the animals that advance on all fours, shall be unclean. Whoever will have touched their carcasses shall be polluted until evening. 28 And whoever will have carried this kind of carcass shall wash his clothes, and he shall be unclean until evening. For all these are unclean to you. 29 Likewise, these shall be considered among the polluted things, out of all that moves upon the earth: the weasel, and the mouse, and the crocodile, each one according to its kind, 30 the shrew, and the chameleon, and the gecko, and the lizard, and the mole. 31 All these are unclean. Whoever will have touched their carcasses shall be unclean until evening. 32 And anything upon which something from their 60 carcasses will have fallen shall be defiled, whether it is a vessel of wood, or a garment, or skins, or haircloths, or anything by which work is done. These shall be dipped in water and shall be defiled until evening, but then afterwards these shall be clean. 33 But an earthen vessel, into which something from these will fall, shall be defiled; and therefore it is to be broken. 34 Any of the foods that you eat, if water from such a vessel will have been poured upon it, it shall be unclean. And every liquid which one may drink from such a vessel shall be unclean. 35 And if anything from among these kinds of dead things has fallen upon it, it shall be unclean, whether it be an oven, or a pot with feet, these shall be unclean and shall be destroyed. 36 Yet truly, fountains and cisterns, and all reservoirs of water shall be clean. Whoever will have touched their carcasses shall be defiled. 37 If it falls upon seed grain, it shall not defile it. 38 But if anyone has poured water upon the seed grain, and afterwards it was touched by the carcasses, it shall be immediately defiled. 39 If any animals will have died, from which it is lawful for you to eat, whoever will have touched its carcass shall be unclean until evening. 40 And whoever will have eaten or carried anything of these shall wash his clothes, and he shall be unclean until evening. 41 All that creeps across the earth shall be abominable, neither shall it taken up as food. 42 Whatever advances by four feet upon the chest, or that has many feet, or that drags across the soil, you shall not eat, because it is abominable. 43 Do not be willing to contaminate your souls, nor shall you touch any of these, lest you become unclean. 44 For I am the Lord your God. Be holy, for I am Holy. Do not pollute your souls with any creeping thing, which moves across the land. 45 For I am the Lord, who led you away from the land of Egypt, so that I would be your God; you shall be holy, for I am Holy. 46 This is the law of animals and flying things, and of every living soul that moves in the waters or creeps upon the land, 47 so that you may know the difference between clean and unclean, and so that you may know what you ought to eat, and what you ought to refuse.

Verš 32

And anything upon which something from their 60 carcasses will have fallen shall be defiled, whether it is a vessel of wood, or a garment, or skins, or haircloths, or anything by which work is done. These shall be dipped in water and shall be defiled until evening, but then afterwards these shall be clean.

Lv 15:12 - If he has touched an earthen vessel, it shall be broken. But if it is a wooden vessel, it shall be washed with water.

Verš 2

Say to the sons of Israel: These are the animals that you ought to eat out of all the living things of the earth.

Dt 14:4 - These are the animals which you ought to eat: the ox, and the sheep, and the goat,

Sk 10:14 - But Peter said: “Far be it from me, lord. For I have never eaten anything common or unclean.”

Verš 44

For I am the Lord your God. Be holy, for I am Holy. Do not pollute your souls with any creeping thing, which moves across the land.

Lv 19:2 - Speak to the entire assembly of the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: Be holy, for I, the Lord your God, am holy.

Lv 20:7 - Be sanctified and be holy, for I am the Lord your God.

1Pt 1:16 - for it is written: “You shall be holy, for I am Holy.”

Lv 11,1 - O levitskej čistote pozri úvod do Levitika 2.3.

Lv 11,1-8 - Porov. aj Dt 14,4.5. Rozdelenie zvierat je nie prírodopisné, lenže v tom čase toto rozdeľovanie vyhovovalo, bolo to podelenie ľudové, podľa zdania ľudí, a nie podľa vedeckého výskumu.Jazvec (hebr. šáfan) a zajac sa rátajú medzi prežúvavce, pretože pohybujú pyskom, akoby prežúvali. Sväté písmo sa tým však nemýli; veď svätopiscovi tu nejde o iné, ako o zákaz nejesť tieto zvieratá.

Lv 11,9-12 - Mohli sa jesť ryby, čo majú plutvy a šupiny, zakazovali sa hady, mloky a raky.

Lv 11,13-19 - Vtáky, hebr. 'oph, neoznačuje len vtáky vo vlastnom zmysle slova, lež všetko, čo lieta. Preto zaraďuje sa sem aj netopier (v. 19). Autori rozlične vykladajú hebrejské mená uvedených vtákov. Treba sa priznať, že mnohé mená týchto vtákov dnes nevieme už presne stotožniť.

Lv 11,24-28 - Zákon robí rozdiel, či sa niekto dotkol zdochliny len letmo, alebo či dotyk trval dlhšie.

Lv 11,29-38 - Vyratúvajú sa len najznámejšie druhy; bolo ich však omnoho viac. Nie je isté, či ide o krta, alebo o stonožku.Studne a pramene sa neznečistili, i keď padlo do nich niektoré zo spomenutých zvierat (v. 36). Odtokom a prítokom voda sa sama očistila.

Lv 11,43-45 - Prestúpenie zákazu týkalo by sa napokon aj čistoty duše. Neposlušnosťou by sa aj duša poškvrnila.