Kniha proroka Jeremiáša

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Jer 51, 1-64

1 Thus says the Lord: “Behold, I will raise up, over Babylon and over its inhabitants, who have lifted up their heart against me, something like a pestilent wind. 2 And I will send winnowers into Babylon, and they will winnow her, and they will demolish her land. For they will overwhelm her from every side in the day of her affliction. 3 Let him who draws the bow, not draw his bow. And let him who wears armor, not rise up. Do not spare her young men. Destroy her entire military. 4 And the slain will fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and the wounded in its regions. 5 Yet Israel and Judah have not been widowed by their God, the Lord of hosts, though their land has been filled with transgression against the Holy One of Israel. 6 Flee from the midst of Babylon! And let each one save his own life. Do not be silent about her iniquity. For it is the time of revenge from the Lord. He himself will repay her, in her turn. 7 Babylon is a gold cup in the hand of the Lord, inebriating the entire earth. The nations have drunk from her wine, and therefore they have staggered. 8 Suddenly, Babylon has fallen and been crushed. Wail over her! Take a balm to her pain, if perhaps she may be healed.” 9 “We would have cured Babylon, but there is no cure. Let us abandon her, and let each one of us go to his own land. For her judgment has reached even to the heavens, and has been lifted up even to the clouds. 10 The Lord has brought forth our justices. Come and let us describe in Zion the work of the Lord our God.” 11 Sharpen the arrows, fill the quivers. The Lord has raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes. And his mind is against Babylon, so that he may destroy her. For this is the vengeance of the Lord, the vengeance of his temple. 12 Upon the walls of Babylon, lift up a sign. Increase the watch! Rouse the watchmen! Prepare ambushes! For the Lord has planned and has accomplished all that he has spoken, against the inhabitants of Babylon. 13 You who live above many waters, rich in treasures: your end has arrived, your measure has been cut short. 14 The Lord of hosts has sworn by himself, saying: “For I will fill you with men as with locusts, and they will sing a rhythmic chant against you.” 15 The One who made the earth by his strength, who prepared the world by his wisdom, and who stretched out the heavens by his prudence: 16 when he utters his voice, the waters will be multiplied in the heavens. The One who lifts up the clouds 458 from the ends of the earth: he has turned lightning into rain, and he has brought forth wind from his storehouses. 17 Each man has become foolish before his own knowledge. Each sculptor has been confounded by his own sculpture. For what he has formed of them is a lie, and there is no spirit in them. 18 They are empty works, deserving of ridicule. In the time of their visitation, they will perish. 19 The portion of Jacob is not like their portion. For the One who made all things is his portion, and Israel is the scepter of his inheritance. The Lord of hosts is his name: 20 “For me, you strike together the instruments of war; and with you, I will strike together nations; and with you, I will scatter the kingdoms. 21 And with you, I will strike together the horse and his rider; and with you, I will strike together the chariot and its rider. 22 And with you, I will strike together man and woman; and with you, I will strike together the old man and the boy; and with you, I will strike together the young man and the virgin. 23 And with you, I will strike together the pastor and his flock; and with you, I will strike together the farmer and his yoke of oxen; and with you, I will strike together military leaders and civil leaders. 24 And I will repay Babylon and all the inhabitants of Chaldea for all their evil that they have done in Zion, before your eyes, says the Lord. 25 Behold, I am against you, you pestilent mountain, says the Lord, for you are corrupting the entire earth. And I will extend my hand over you, and I will roll you down from the rocks, and I will make you into a burning mountain. 26 And they will not take from you a stone for the corner, nor a stone for the foundations. Instead, you will be destroyed unto eternity,” says the Lord. 27 Lift up a sign in the land! Sound the trumpet among the nations! Sanctify the nations against her. Announce against her the kings of Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Number against her Taphsar. Lead in the horse, like the stinging locust. 28 Sanctify the nations against her: the kings of Media, their military leaders, and all their civil leaders, and the entire land under their authority. 29 And the earth will be shaken and will be disturbed. For the plan of the Lord against Babylon will awaken, so that he may make the land of Babylon desolate and uninhabitable. 30 The strong ones of Babylon have ceased to do battle. They have lived in fortresses. Their health has been devoured, and they have become like women. Her tabernacles have been set ablaze; her bars have been broken. 31 Runner will go forth to meet runner, and messenger will meet messenger, so as to tell the king of Babylon that his city has been captured, from one end to the other, 32 and that the fords were seized in advance, and that the marshes have been burned with fire, and that the men of war have been set in disarray. 33 For thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: “The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor. This is the time of her threshing. A little while longer, and the time of her harvest will arrive.” 34 “Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, has consumed me, has devoured me. He has made me like an empty vessel. He has swallowed me like a dragon. He has filled his belly with my tender ones, and he has cast me out. 35 This iniquity is against me, and so my flesh is upon Babylon,” says the habitation of Zion. “And my blood is upon the inhabitants of Chaldea,” says Jerusalem. 36 Because of this, thus says the Lord: “Behold, I will judge your case, and I will avenge your vengeance, and I will make her sea into a desert, and I will dry up her spring. 37 And Babylon will become a tumult, the habitation of dragons, an astonishment, and a hissing, because there is no inhabitant. 38 They will roar together, like lions, they will shake their manes, like young lions. 39 In their heat, I will give them a drink, and I will inebriate them, so that they become drowsy, and sleep an everlasting sleep, and do not rise up, says the Lord. 40 I will lead them away, like lambs to the slaughter, and like rams with young goats. 41 How was Sesac captured, and how was the renowned one of all the earth seized? How has Babylon become an astonishment among the nations? 42 The sea has ascended over Babylon; she has been covered by the multitude of its waves. 43 Her cities have become an astonishment, an uninhabited and desolate land, a land in which no one may live, nor may a son of man pass through it. 44 And I will visit against Bel in Babylon, and I will cast from his mouth what he has swallowed. And the nations will no longer flow together before him. For even the wall of Babylon will also fall. 45 Go forth from her midst, my people, so that each one may save his life from the wrath of the fury of the Lord. 46 For otherwise, your heart may faint, and you may be afraid at the news that is heard in the land. And the news will arrive within a year, and after that year more news will arrive. And iniquity will be in the land, and one ruler will be over another ruler. 47 Because of this, behold, the days are approaching, when I will visit against the graven images of Babylon. And her entire land will be confounded, and all her slain will fall in her midst. 48 And the heavens and the earth, and all the things that are in them, will give praise over Babylon. For despoilers will approach her from the north, says the Lord. 49 And in the manner that Babylon has caused the slain to fall in Israel, so the slain of Babylon will fall over the entire earth. 50 You who have fled from the sword, approach, do not stand still. Remember from afar the Lord, and let Jerusalem rise up in your heart. 51 We have been confounded, for we heard reproach. Shame has covered our faces, for strangers have overwhelmed the holiness of the house of the Lord. 52 Because of this, behold, the days are approaching, says the Lord, when I will visit against her graven images, and within all her land the wounded will groan. 53 If Babylon were to ascend to heaven, and establish her strength on high, her despoilers would go forth from me, says the Lord.” 54 A voice of outcry from Babylon, and great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans! 55 For the Lord has despoiled Babylon, and he has perished the great voice from her. And their wave will make a sound like many waters. Their voice has uttered a noise. 56 For the despoiler has overwhelmed her, that is, Babylon, and her strong ones have been apprehended, and their bow has been weakened. For the Lord, the powerful revenger, will certainly repay. 57 “And I will inebriate her leaders, and her wise ones, and her military rulers, and her civil rulers, and her strong ones. And they will sleep an everlasting sleep, and they will not awaken,” says the King: the Lord of hosts is his name. 58 Thus says the Lord of hosts: “That very wide wall of Babylon will be utterly overturned, and her exalted gates will be burned with fire, and the labors of the people will be as nothing, and the labors of the nations will be sent into the fire and will perish.” 59 The word that Jeremiah, the prophet, instructed to Seraiah, the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, when he traveled with king Zedekiah into Babylon, in the fourth year of his reign. Now Seraiah was the leader of the prophets. 60 And Jeremiah wrote in one book all the evil that was to overwhelm Babylon; all these words were written against Babylon. 61 And 459 Jeremiah said to Seraiah: “When you will enter into Babylon, and you will see and read all these words, 62 you will say: ‘O Lord, you have spoken against this place so that you may destroy it, so that there would not be anyone, from man even to beast, who may live in it, and so that it may be desolate forever.’ 63 And when you will have completed reading this book, you will tie a stone to it, and you will cast it into the midst of the Euphrates. 64 And you will say: ‘So shall Babylon be submerged! And she will not rise up before the face of the affliction that I will lead over her. And she will be broken.’ ” The words of Jeremiah thus far.

Verš 1

Thus says the Lord: “Behold, I will raise up, over Babylon and over its inhabitants, who have lifted up their heart against me, something like a pestilent wind.

Jer 4:11 - “In that time, it will be said to this people and to Jerusalem: ‘A burning wind is in the ways that are in the desert, along the way of the daughter of my people, but not to winnow and not to cleanse.’

Verš 2

And I will send winnowers into Babylon, and they will winnow her, and they will demolish her land. For they will overwhelm her from every side in the day of her affliction.

Jer 15:7 - And I will scatter them with a winnowing fan at the gates of the land. I have killed and dispersed my people, and yet they have not turned back from their ways.

Verš 4

And the slain will fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and the wounded in its regions.

Jer 49:26 - For this reason, her young men will fall in her streets. And all the men of battle will be silenced in that day, says the Lord of hosts.

Verš 6

Flee from the midst of Babylon! And let each one save his own life. Do not be silent about her iniquity. For it is the time of revenge from the Lord. He himself will repay her, in her turn.

Jer 50:8 - Withdraw from the midst of Babylon, and go forth from the land of the Chaldeans. And be like young goats before the flock.

Zjv 18:4 - And I heard another voice from heaven, saying: “Go away from her, my people, so that you may not be participants in her pleasures, and so that you may not be recipients of her afflictions.

Jer 50:15 - Cry out against her! For where she has put forth a hand, her foundations have fallen, her walls have been destroyed. For it is the vengeance of the Lord. Take vengeance against her! Just as she has done, do so to her.

Jer 50:28 - It is the voice of those who are fleeing and of those who have escaped from the land of Babylon: to announce in Zion the revenge of the Lord our God, the revenge of his Temple.

Verš 8

Suddenly, Babylon has fallen and been crushed. Wail over her! Take a balm to her pain, if perhaps she may be healed.”

Iz 21:9 - Behold, a certain man approaches, a man riding on a two-horse chariot.” And he responded, and he said: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon! And all its graven gods have been crushed into the earth!

Zjv 14:8 - And another Angel followed, saying: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, who inebriated all nations with the wine of her wrath and of fornication.”

Zjv 18:2 - And he cried out with strength, saying: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great. And she has become the habitation of demons, and the keepsake of every unclean spirit, and the possession of every unclean and hateful flying thing.

Jer 8:22 - Is there no balm in Gilead? Or is there no physician there? Then why has the wound of the daughter of my people not been closed?”

Verš 9

“We would have cured Babylon, but there is no cure. Let us abandon her, and let each one of us go to his own land. For her judgment has reached even to the heavens, and has been lifted up even to the clouds.

Jer 46:11 - Ascend to Gilead, and take its balm, O virgin daughter of Egypt! It is in vain that you multiply medicines; there will be no health for you!

Verš 11

Sharpen the arrows, fill the quivers. The Lord has raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes. And his mind is against Babylon, so that he may destroy her. For this is the vengeance of the Lord, the vengeance of his temple.

Jer 46:4 - Harness the horses, and let the horsemen climb upon them! Stand forth with helmets! Sharpen the lances! Clothe yourselves in armor!’

Jer 50:28 - It is the voice of those who are fleeing and of those who have escaped from the land of Babylon: to announce in Zion the revenge of the Lord our God, the revenge of his Temple.

Verš 14

The Lord of hosts has sworn by himself, saying: “For I will fill you with men as with locusts, and they will sing a rhythmic chant against you.”

Am 6:8 - The Lord God has sworn by his own soul, the Lord God of hosts says: I detest the arrogance of Jacob, and I hate his houses, and I will hand over the city with its inhabitants.

Verš 15

The One who made the earth by his strength, who prepared the world by his wisdom, and who stretched out the heavens by his prudence:

Gn 1:1 - In the beginning, God created heaven and earth.

Jer 10:12 - He made the earth by his power, he prepared the world in his wisdom, and he stretched out the heavens with his understanding.

Jób 9:8 - He alone extends the heavens, and he walks upon the waves of the sea.

Ž 104:2 - Sing to him, and sing psalms to him. Describe all his wonders.

Iz 40:22 - He is the One who sits upon the globe of the earth, and its inhabitants are like locusts. He extends the heavens as if they were nothing, and he spreads them out like a tent, in which to dwell.

Iz 44:24 - Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, and your Maker from the womb: I am the Lord, who makes all things, who alone extends the heavens, who makes the earth firm. And there is no one with me.

Iz 51:13 - And have you forgotten the Lord, your Maker, who extended the heavens, and who founded the earth? And have you been in constant dread, all day long, at the face of his fury, of the one who afflicted you and who had prepared to destroy you? Where is the fury of the oppressor now?

Jer 10:12 - He made the earth by his power, he prepared the world in his wisdom, and he stretched out the heavens with his understanding.

Verš 19

The portion of Jacob is not like their portion. For the One who made all things is his portion, and Israel is the scepter of his inheritance. The Lord of hosts is his name:

Jer 10:16 - Jacob’s portion is not like their portion. For his portion is from the One who formed all things. And Israel is the staff of his inheritance. The Lord of hosts is his name.

Verš 20

“For me, you strike together the instruments of war; and with you, I will strike together nations; and with you, I will scatter the kingdoms.

Jer 50:23 - How has the mallet of the entire earth been broken and crushed? How has Babylon been turned into a desert among the nations?

Verš 41

How was Sesac captured, and how was the renowned one of all the earth seized? How has Babylon become an astonishment among the nations?

Jer 25:26 - and likewise, all the kings of the north from near to far, each one facing his brother, and all the kingdoms upon the face of the earth, and the king of Sesac: all these shall drink after them.

Iz 13:19 - And then Babylon, the glorious one among kingdoms, that famous pride of the Chaldeans, will be destroyed, even as the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.

Verš 36

Because of this, thus says the Lord: “Behold, I will judge your case, and I will avenge your vengeance, and I will make her sea into a desert, and I will dry up her spring.

Jer 50:38 - A drought is over her waters, and they will be dried up. For it is a land of graven images, and they glory in portents.

Verš 30

The strong ones of Babylon have ceased to do battle. They have lived in fortresses. Their health has been devoured, and they have become like women. Her tabernacles have been set ablaze; her bars have been broken.

Jer 50:37 - A sword is for their horses, and for their chariots, and for all the common people who are in her midst. And they will be like women. A sword is for her storehouses, and they will be plundered.

Jer 51,1 - Miesto "Chaldejska" dostalo sa podľa určitého kabalistického pravidla slovo: "Léb-Qamaj". Podľa LXX a Targumu sme sa vrátili k pôvodnému slovu, pretože je tu zásah kabalistiky celkom zrejmý.

Jer 51,3 - Začiatok verša obsahuje výzvu na Babyloncov, že odpor je zbytočný. Ďalšia výzva patrí útočiacemu nepriateľovi Babylonu.

Jer 51,5 - Dnešní prekladatelia kladú druhú polovicu tohto verša pred prvú, tak je zmysel plynulejší. – Porov. pozn. k Iz 50,1 n.

Jer 51,7 - Obrazy ako v 25,15 n. – Babylon považuje za nástroj, ktorým Boh trestal národy.

Jer 51,11 - So LXX treba čítať "kráľa" namiesto "kráľov".

Jer 51,13 - Pre rieku Eufrat, pri ktorej ležalo mesto Babylon, a pre mocné ohrady mesta pokladali Babylon za nedobytný.

Jer 51,15-19 - Porov. s 10,12-16. Poznámky pozri tam.

Jer 51,20-23 - Kladivo má tu ten istý význam ako kalich vo verši 7.

Jer 51,24 - Babylon mal poslanie od Pána, ale prekročil medze, preto čaká naň trest.

Jer 51,27 - Krajiny Ararat, Meni a pravdepodobne aj Askenez boli na okolí dnešnej Arménie. – Tafsar je, tak sa zdá, titul vysokého asýrskeho a médskeho vojenského hodnostára.

Jer 51,28 - Podľa LXX treba čítať "kráľa" miesto "kráľov".

Jer 51,31 - Podľa Dan 5,1 n. pád Babylonu prekvapil babylonského kráľa na hostine; porov. Herodot, I,191.

Jer 51,32 - Mlákami sa dozaista rozumie vodou napustená ochranná priekopa okolo hradieb mesta. Výrazom "vyhoreli ohňom" opisuje sa básnicky, že voda v priekopách vyschla a nepriateľ má ľahký prístup.

Jer 51,33 - Pred žatvou chystajú humno na mlatbu: vymažú ho hlinou a vyšliapu, aby bolo rovné.

Jer 51,34 - Slová verša sú žalobou Izraela na Babyloncov; porov. nasledujúci verš.

Jer 51,41 - Sesak bolo meno egyptského faraóna, ale do tohto textu dostalo sa kabalistikou, ktorú sme spomenuli vo v. 1 tejto hlavy, a to miesto slova Bábel.

Jer 51,44 - O Bélovi pozri pozn. k Iz 46,1. – Verš predpovedá, že Boh vyslobodí z Babylonu – z úst Bélových – svoj ľud. – Múry Babylonu boli u starých dejepiscov predmetom obdivu, a to právom. Vykopávkami sa zistilo, že ohrada mala dva múry. Vonkajší bol viac než sedem, vnútorný viac než desať metrov hrubý. Asi na každých desať metrov bola veža, teda spolu viac než sto veží.

Jer 51,51 - Zajatci odpovedajú na výzvu predchádzajúceho verša.

Jer 51,55 - "Vlny" značia útočiace vojsko.

Jer 51,56 - Slová v zátvorke nepatria do osnovy.

Jer 51,57 - Porov. verš 39.

Jer 51,58 - O múre Babylonu pozri pozn. k veršu 44.

Jer 51,59 - Podľa hebrejskej osnovy a Vulg cestoval vo 4. roku svojho panovania sám Sedekiáš do Babylonu, čo síce nie je nemožné, ale nikde inde to nemáme potvrdené. Podľa LXX poslal ta kráľ iba posolstvo. Takéto posolstvá išli do Babylonu viac ráz, porov. 29,3.