Kazateľ

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Kaz 12, 1-14

1 Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the time of affliction arrives and the years draw near, about which you will say, “These do not please me.” 2 Before the sun, and the light, and the moon, and the stars are darkened and the clouds return after the rain, 3 when the guardians of the house will tremble, and the strongest men will waver, and those who grind grain will be idle, except for a small number, and those who look through the keyholes will be darkened. 4 And they will close the doors to the street, when the voice of he who grinds the grain will be humbled, and they will be disturbed at the sound of a flying thing, and all the daughters of song shall become deaf. 5 Likewise, they will fear the things above them, and they will dread the way. The almond tree will flourish; the locust will be fattened; and the caper plant will scattered, because man shall go into the house of his eternity, and the mourners shall wander around in the street. 6 Before the silver cord is broken, and the golden band pulls away, and the pitcher is crushed over the fountain, and the wheel is broken above the cistern, 7 and the dust returns to its earth, from which it was, and the spirit returns to God, who granted it. 8 Vanity of vanities, said Ecclesiastes, and all is vanity! 9 And since Ecclesiastes was very wise, he taught the people, and he described what he had accomplished. And while searching, he composed many parables. 10 He sought useful words, and he wrote most righteous words, which were full of truth. 11 The words of the wise are like a goad, and like nails deeply fastened, which, through the counsel of teachers, are set forth by one pastor. 12 You should require no more than this, my son. For there is no end to the making of many books. And excessive study is an affliction to the flesh. 13 Let us all listen together to the end of the discourse. Fear God, and observe his commandments. This is everything for man. 14 And so, for all that is done and for each error, God will bring judgment: whether it was good or evil.

Verš 8

Vanity of vanities, said Ecclesiastes, and all is vanity!

Ž 62:9 - My soul has clung close to you. Your right hand has supported me.

Ž 144:4 - Generation after generation will praise your works, and they will declare your power.

Kaz 1:2 - Ecclesiastes said: Vanity of vanities! Vanity of vanities, and all is vanity!

Verš 9

And since Ecclesiastes was very wise, he taught the people, and he described what he had accomplished. And while searching, he composed many parables.

1Kr 4:32 - Solomon also spoke three thousand parables. And his verses were one thousand and five.

Verš 13

Let us all listen together to the end of the discourse. Fear God, and observe his commandments. This is everything for man.

Dt 6:2 - So may you fear the Lord your God, and keep all his commandments and precepts, which I am entrusting to you, and to your sons and grandsons, all the days of your life, so that your days may be prolonged.

Dt 10:12 - And now, O Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you? Only that you fear the Lord your God, and walk in his ways, and love him, and serve the Lord your God with your whole heart and with your whole soul,

Prís 3:7 - Do not seem wise to yourself. Fear God, and withdraw from evil.

Verš 14

And so, for all that is done and for each error, God will bring judgment: whether it was good or evil.

1Kor 4:5 - And so, do not choose to judge before the time, until the Lord returns. He will illuminate the hidden things of the darkness, and he will make manifest the decisions of hearts. And then each one shall have praise from God.

2Kor 5:10 - For it is necessary for us to be manifested before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive the proper things of the body, according to his behavior, whether it was good or evil.

Verš 7

and the dust returns to its earth, from which it was, and the spirit returns to God, who granted it.

Gn 3:19 - By the sweat of your face shall you eat bread, until you return to the earth from which you were taken. For dust you are, and unto dust you shall return.”

Gn 2:7 - And then the Lord God formed man from the clay of the earth, and he breathed into his face the breath of life, and man became a living soul.

Nm 16:22 - But they fell prone on their faces, and they said, “O most strong One, the God of the spirits of all flesh, should your anger rage against all, for the sin of one?”

Kaz 12,1-8 - Ide o básnický opis staroby človeka. – "Dni nešťastia" môžu byť aj dni "temravy" (11,8c). Alebo aj sama staroba v porovnaní s mladým vekom javí sa ako "nešťastie". Ale tento výklad by bol nezvyklý.

Kaz 12,2 - Starobu predstavuje Kazateľ vlastnosťami, ktorými sa pokročilý ľudský vek veľmi podobá palestínskej zime (dobe dažďov).

Kaz 12,3 - Symbolický opis podáva, akými účinkami sa javí staroba na jednotlivých údoch ľudského tela; jeho prvky sú najmä tieto: dom je telo, jeho strážcovia sú ruky, (kedysi) mocní, mužovia, sú ľudské nohy, mlečky sú zuby (porov. žarnov, črenové zuby, latinsky: dens molaris, t. j. mlecí zub). "Tie, čo oknami dostávajú videnie" sú oči.

Kaz 12,4 - Tu uvedené symboly pripúšťajú už viac možných výkladov pre svoju neistotu. Dvere by znamenali alebo ústa, pery, alebo skôr uši. "Žarnov" je asi ústna dutina, a tak "vrzgot žarnova" mohol by byť: spev alebo aj reč vôbec. "Vstáva sa na každý hlások vtáčka" je zasa neisté. Niektorí myslia pritom na nespavosť starých ľudí, ktorých prebúdza už včasný spev vtáčkov. "Spevavé zvuky" doslovne: dcéry spevu – sú asi zvuky vo všeobecnosti. Ale výraz môže znamenať aj skutočných spevákov, ktorých spevy starci už len slabo počujú a v tom zmysle pre nich spevy "poutichujú" (?).

Kaz 12,5 - Aj najmenšie stúpanie cesty pôsobí starcovi ťažkosti, zadychčuje ho, a preto je taká chôdza pre starca hotovým "postrachom".

Kaz 12,5 - Mandloňový strom, kobylky, dráždidlo (na jedlo) sú slová neistého významu.

Kaz 12,5 - Niektorí myslia pri mandloňovom kvete na starecké šediny, v "kobylkách" vidia nohy človeka, ktoré sa už len "vlečú" a nechcú starca nosiť. – "Dráždidlo" sú plody rastliny menom trnitej kapary (Capparis spinosa L). Používajú ich na Východe za dráždidlo k jedlu. Doslovný preklad hebrejskej osnovy mal by znieť: a kapara sa rozsype. Tak má aj grécky i latinský preklad. – Vo všetkých troch slovách (mandloňový strom, kobylky a kapara) môžeme vidieť znaky pominuteľnosti v tomto zmysle: keď kvety mandloňové zbelejú, čoskoro opadnú; keď sa kobylka už len vlečie a nevládze vzlietnuť (a taký je zmysel hebrejskej osnovy), je pred svojím zahynutím; konečne uschlé plody kapary svojím puknutím vysejú semená a rastlina tým aj ukončuje svoj život. To všetko je znakom, že aj starec je už pred svojím odchodom zo sveta.

Kaz 12,7 - O návrate oživujúceho dychu (ducha) porov. 3,21; Ž 104,29 n.

Kaz 12,8 - Je opakovaním verša 1,2, a tak celá báseň Kazateľova je uzavretá výrokom o "márnosti", pominuteľnosti a nedostatočnosti, aká sa javí ustavične v živote a vo všetkých jeho slabostiach alebo statkoch, ktoré nevedia ukojiť vyššie túžby duše. Je teda v nás niečo, čo nie je z tohto sveta, lebo ani celý svet nestačí nasýtiť túžby duše.

Kaz 12,11 - "Ostne a klince" majú rozličné vysvetľovanie. Niektorí myslia, že v týchto slovách deje sa narážka na činnosť "pastiera". Palestínsky pastier mal dve palice: dlhšiu, ktorou riadil a zhromažďoval stádo, a kratšiu, často vhlobeným klincom sa končiacu, ktorá mu slúžila za zbraň, alebo bola aj "ostňom" na poháňanie dobytka. Porov. Ez 34,16. Rabínska predstava o pastierovi znamená však vlastne učenca, ktorý je majstrom v skladaní múdroslovných výrokov. – Kto je tu uvedený "pastier", na to len neisto vieme odpovedať: niektorí myslia, že je to Boh, ktorý je jediným a najvyšším pôvodcom všetkej múdrosti.