Kniha Exodus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(KJV - Anglický - King James)

Ex 21, 1-36

1 Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them. 2 If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. 3 If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him. 4 If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself. 5 And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: 6 Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever. 7 And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do. 8 If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. 9 And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters. 10 If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish. 11 And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money. 12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death. 13 And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee. 14 But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die. 15 And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death. 16 And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death. 17 And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death. 18 And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed: 19 If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed. 20 And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished. 21 Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money. 22 If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine. 23 And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, 24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. 26 And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake. 27 And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake. 28 If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit. 29 But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death. 30 If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him. 31 Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him. 32 If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned. 33 And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein; 34 The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his. 35 And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide. 36 Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.

Verš 2

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

Dt 15:12 - And if thy brother, an Hebrew man, or an Hebrew woman , be sold unto thee, and serve thee six years; then in the seventh year thou shalt let him go free from thee.

Jer 34:14 - At the end of seven years let ye go every man his brother an Hebrew, which hath been sold unto thee; and when he hath served thee six years, thou shalt let him go free from thee: but your fathers hearkened not unto me, neither inclined their ear.

Verš 5

And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:

Dt 15:16 - And it shall be, if he say unto thee, I will not go away from thee; because he loveth thee and thine house, because he is well with thee;

Verš 12

He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death.

Lv 24:17 - And he that killeth any man shall surely be put to death.

Verš 15

And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.

Mt 15:4 - For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death.

Verš 17

And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.

Lv 20:9 - For every one that curseth his father or his mother shall be surely put to death: he hath cursed his father or his mother; his blood shall be upon him.

Prís 20:20 - Whoso curseth his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness.

Mt 15:4 - For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death.

Mk 7:10 - For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:

Verš 24

Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,

Lv 24:20 - Breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth: as he hath caused a blemish in a man, so shall it be done to him again.

Dt 19:21 - And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Mt 5:38 - Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth:

Verš 28

If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.

Gn 9:5 - And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every man's brother will I require the life of man.

Ex 21,1 - Verše 20. a 21. sú dôkazom, že ani otrok–cudzinec nebol vystavený ľubovôli svojho pána.

Ex 21,2-3 - Hebrej sa mohol stať otrokom iného Hebreja alebo preto, že sa predal sám pre svoju chudobu (Lv 25,39), alebo ako zlodej, ktorý nemohol nahradiť škodu, bol predaný do otroctva (Ex 22,3). Izraelský otec mohol predať svoje deti (21,7; Neh 5,5; Iz 50,1). Aj dlžník sa mohol stať otrokom, keď nemohol splatiť svoj dlh (2 Kr 4,1 n. a Neh 5,2). Izraelita, nech sa dostal akýmkoľvek spôsobom do otroctva, neostal otrokom u svojho izraelského pána dlhšie ako sedem rokov. V siedmom roku, po šesťročnej službe, prepúšťali ho na slobodu.

Ex 21,12-14 - Len skutočný vinník mal sa potrestať smrťou. Podľa Nm 35,12; Dt 19,12 vina sa zisťovala pred súdom. Kto niekoho zabil neúmyselne alebo keď sa o jeho vine mohlo pochybovať, mohol si svoj život zachrániť útekom do jedného zo šiestich miest útočišťa. Pri nastúpení nového veľkňaza dostal úplnú slobodu. Kým Izraeliti putovali na púšti, miestom útočišťa bol zaiste oltár zápalných obetí. Tak to bolo u ostatných Semitov a iných starovekých národov.

Ex 21,23-25 - Zákon krvnej pomsty a zákon odvety, ktorými sa trestalo a odčiňovalo krvipreliatie, celkom ruší až Kristus (Mt 5,38). Telesné poranenie bolo možno odčiniť peňažitou pokutou.