Kniha Exodus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(UKJV - Anglický - Updated King James)

Ex 20, 1-26

1 And God spoke all these words, saying, 2 I am the LORD your God, which have brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 3 You shall have no other gods before me. 4 You shall not make unto you any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 5 "You shall not bow down yourself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; " 6 And showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. 7 "You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that takes his name in vain. " 8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days shall you labour, and do all your work: 10 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD your God: in it you shall not do any work, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your manservant, nor your maidservant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger that is within your gates: 11 For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. 12 Honour your father and your mother: that your days may be long upon the land which the LORD your God gives you. 13 You shall not kill. 14 You shall not commit adultery. 15 You shall not steal. 16 You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour. 17 You shall not covet your neighbour's house, you shall not covet your neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is your neighbour's. 18 And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood far off. 19 And they said unto Moses, Speak you with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die. 20 And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God has come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that all of you sin not. 21 And the people stood far off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was. 22 And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus you shall say unto the children of Israel, All of you have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. 23 All of you shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall all of you make unto you gods of gold. 24 An altar of earth you shall make unto me, and shall sacrifice thereon your burnt offerings, and your peace offerings, your sheep, and your oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto you, and I will bless you. 25 And if you will make me an altar of stone, you shall not build it of hewn stone: for if you lift up your tool upon it, you have polluted it. 26 Neither shall you go up by steps unto mine altar, that your nakedness be not discovered thereon.

Verš 2

I am the LORD your God, which have brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.

Ex 13:3 - "And Moses said unto the people, Remember this day, in which all of you came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the LORD brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened bread be eaten. "

Dt 5:6 - I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage.

Ž 81:10 - I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of Egypt: open your mouth wide, and I will fill it.

Verš 4

You shall not make unto you any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.

Lv 26:1 - All of you shall make you no idols nor graven image, neither rear you up a standing image, neither shall all of you set up any image of stone in your land, to bow down unto it: for I am the LORD your God.

Ž 97:7 - Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all you gods.

Verš 7

"You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that takes his name in vain. "

Lv 9:12 - "And he slew the burnt offering; and Aaron's sons presented unto him the blood, which he sprinkled round about upon the altar. "

Mt 5:33 - Again, all of you have heard that it has been said by them of old time, You shall not renounce swearing yourself, but shall perform unto the Lord your oaths:

Verš 8

Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.

Ez 20:12 - Moreover also I gave them my sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am the LORD that sanctify them.

Verš 9

Six days shall you labour, and do all your work:

Ex 23:12 - Six days you shall do your work, and on the seventh day you shall rest: that your ox and your ass may rest, and the son of your handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.

Ex 34:21 - Six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest: in earring time and in harvest you shall rest.

Lk 13:14 - And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the people, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore come and be healed, and not on the sabbath day.

Verš 11

For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

Gn 2:2 - "And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. "

Verš 12

Honour your father and your mother: that your days may be long upon the land which the LORD your God gives you.

Mt 15:4 - For God commanded, saying, Honour your father and mother: and, He that curses father or mother, let him die the death.

Ef 6:2 - "Honour your father and mother; which is the first commandment with promise; "

Verš 13

You shall not kill.

Mt 5:21 - "All of you have heard that it was said of them of old time, You shall not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: "

Verš 14

You shall not commit adultery.

Mt 5:27 - All of you have heard that it was said by them of old time, You shall not commit adultery:

Verš 17

You shall not covet your neighbour's house, you shall not covet your neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is your neighbour's.

Rim 7:7 - What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid. Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law: for I had not known lust, except the law had said, You shall not covet.

Verš 19

And they said unto Moses, Speak you with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.

Dt 5:25 - Now therefore why should we die? for this great fire will consume us: if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any more, then we shall die.

Heb 12:19 - "And the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; (o. rhema) which voice they that heard implored that the word (o. logos) should not be spoken to them any more: "

Verš 21

And the people stood far off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.

Ex 19:17 - "And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount. "

Heb 12:18 - For all of you are not come unto the mount that might be touched, and that burned with fire, nor unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest,

Verš 24

An altar of earth you shall make unto me, and shall sacrifice thereon your burnt offerings, and your peace offerings, your sheep, and your oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto you, and I will bless you.

Ex 27:1 - "And you shall make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits. "

Ex 38:1 - "And he made the altar of burnt offering of shittim wood: five cubits was the length thereof, and five cubits the breadth thereof; it was foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof. "

Verš 25

And if you will make me an altar of stone, you shall not build it of hewn stone: for if you lift up your tool upon it, you have polluted it.

Dt 27:5 - And there shall you build an altar unto the LORD your God, an altar of stones: you shall not lift up any iron tool upon them.

Joz 8:30 - Then Joshua built an altar unto the LORD God of Israel in mount Ebal,

Ex 20,1 - Desatoro prikázaní obsahuje v krátkosti povinnosti k Bohu a blížnemu. Desať príkazov predstavuje základ a podmienky zmluvy, ktorú Pán uzavrel s Izraelom, a tak je aj podkladom pre dejinné poslanie vyvoleného národa.

Ex 20,5 - Pán je Boh žiarlivý, nestrpí nijakého súpera. Zmluva Pána s ľudom prirovnáva sa k manželstvu a nevera ľudu voči Bohu bude sa volať cudzoložstvom (Iz 1, 21; Jer 2,2; Ez 16,8 atď.).

Ex 20,7 - Nevyslovíš, doslova nevezmeš. Nadarmo – zbytočne; zakazuje sa vyslovovať meno Božie neúctivo, zneužívať ho na falošnú prísahu, kliať a rúhať sa.

Ex 20,8-11 - Zasvätenie soboty prikazuje sa slovami: Spomni … To prezrádza, že zasvätenie soboty už jestvovalo. Aj pri zázraku s mannou sa pripomína zasvätenie siedmeho dňa (16,22), čo je znakom, že zasvätenie soboty je staršieho dáta (Gn 2,3). V sobotu sa zakazovalo zbierať mannu (16,23 n.), zakazovalo sa variť a piecť, zapaľovať oheň (35,3), zbierať dre vo (Nm 15,32), orať a žať (34,21), nosiť bremená (Jer 17,21), obchodovať atď. Sobota sa začínala v piatok večer a končila sa v sobotu večer (Lv 23,32).

Ex 20,14 - Nescudzoložíš – prikazuje sa predovšetkým zachovávanie manželskej vernosti, lež spolu zakazujú sa všetky skutky, ktoré sa priečia čnosti čistoty, teda všetky hriechy nehanebnosti (Lv 20,10; Dt 22,22–24; Mt 5,21–32).

Ex 20,16 - Keďže svedok v hebrejčine označuje aj žalobcu, týmto príkazom sa zakazuje aj krivá obžaloba, falošné obvinenie. Tento príkaz chráni česť človeka.

Ex 20,17 - Deviaty a desiaty príkaz vzťahuje sa na hriešne žiadosti. Zakazuje sa nielen vonkajšie zlo, skutok, ale potláča sa ním priam koreň zla, žiadostivosť (Jak 1,14 n.). Desatoro je prirodzeným zákonom, a preto je také staré ako samo ľudstvo. Aj Izraeliti poznali tieto prirodzené zákony tak, ako ostatní Semiti. Na Sinaji sa tieto prirodzené zákony znova zdôrazňujú, vyhlasuje sa ich všeobecná záväznosť a platnosť, a tak Desatoro sa stáva pozitívnym zákonom Božím. Skutočnosť, že Desatoro je prirodzeným zákonom, vysvetľuje aj tú podobnosť, ktorá je medzi Desatorom a Kódexom Hamurapiho, aspoň o päťsto rokov starším ako vyhlásenie Desatora na Sinaji.

Ex 20,20 - U starých národov bolo presvedčenie, že človek, ktorý vidí Boha, nemôže ďalej ostať nažive. Ale Boh sa nezjavil, aby usmrtil ľud, naopak, zjavil sa, aby ľudí presvedčil o svojej velebe a takto v nich rozhojnil bázeň Božiu, ktorá ich uspôsobí a privedie k poslušnosti voči príkazom Božím a k odporu voči hriechu.

Ex 20,22 - Úryvok 20,22 –23,33 je najstaršou zbierkou izraelského zákonodarstva a podľa 24,4.7 napísal ho sám Mojžiš. Jeho obsahom sú rozličné doplňujúce zákony, týkajúce sa Desatora.

Ex 20,25 - Oltár mal byť bez okrasy. Dôvodom bolo, aby im nepripomínal dajakú podobu, aby sa tak Izraeliti chránili pred modloslužbou.