Verš 2
“I am the Lord your God, who led you away from the land of Egypt, out of the house of servitude.
Ex 13:3 - And Moses said to the people: “Remember this day, on which you were taken away from Egypt and from the house of servitude. For with a strong hand the Lord has led you away from this place. Thus, you shall eat no leavened bread.
Dt 5:6 - ‘I am the Lord your God, who led you away from the land of Egypt, from the house of servitude.
Ž 81:10 -
Verš 4
You shall not make for yourself a graven image, nor a likeness of anything that is in heaven above or on earth below, nor of those things which are in the waters under the earth.
Lv 26:1 - I am the Lord your God. You shall not make for yourselves an idol or a graven image. Neither shall you erect a monument, or set up a conspicuous stone in your land, in order that you may adore it. For I am the Lord your God.
Ž 97:7 - Let the sea be moved and all its fullness, the whole world and all who dwell in it.
Verš 7
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. For the Lord will not hold harmless one who takes the name of the Lord his God falsely.
Lv 9:12 - He also immolated the victim of holocaust. And his sons brought its blood to him, which he poured out all around the altar.
Mt 5:33 - Again, you have heard that it was said to the ancients: ‘You shall not swear falsely. For you shall repay your oaths to the Lord.’
Verš 8
Remember that you are to sanctify the day of the Sabbath.
Ez 20:12 - Moreover, I also gave to them my Sabbaths, so that these would be a sign between me and them, and so that they would know that I am the Lord, who sanctifies them.
Verš 9
For six days, you will work and accomplish all your tasks.
Ex 23:12 - For six days, you shall work. On the seventh day, you shall cease, so that your ox and your donkey may rest, and so that the newcomer and the son of your handmaid may be refreshed.
Ex 34:21 - For six days you shall work. On the seventh day you shall cease to cultivate and to harvest.
Lk 13:14 - Then, as a result, the ruler of the synagogue became angry that Jesus had cured on the Sabbath, and he said to the crowd: “There are six days on which you ought to work. Therefore, come and be cured on those, and not on the day of the Sabbath.”
Verš 11
For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, and the sea, and all the things that are in them, and so he rested on the seventh day. For this reason, the Lord has blessed the day of the 42 Sabbath and sanctified it.
Gn 2:2 - And on the seventh day, God fulfilled his work, which he had made. And on the seventh day he rested from all his work, which he had accomplished.
Verš 12
Honor your father and your mother, so that you may have a long life upon the land, which the Lord your God will give to you.
Mt 15:4 - ‘Honor your father and mother,’ and, ‘Whoever will have cursed father or mother shall die a death.’
Ef 6:2 - Honor your father and your mother. This is the first commandment with a promise:
Verš 13
You shall not murder.
Mt 5:21 - You have heard that it was said to the ancients: ‘You shall not murder; whoever will have murdered shall be liable to judgment.’
Verš 14
You shall not commit adultery.
Mt 5:27 - You have heard that it was said to the ancients: ‘You shall not commit adultery.’
Verš 17
You shall not covet the house of your neighbor; neither shall you desire his wife, nor male servant, nor female servant, nor ox, nor donkey, nor anything that is his.”
Rim 7:7 - What should we say next? Is the law sin? Let it not be so! But I do not know sin, except through the law. For 652 example, I would not have known about coveting, unless the law said: “You shall not covet.”
Verš 19
saying to Moses: “Speak to us, and we will listen. Let not the Lord speak to us, lest perhaps we may die.”
Dt 5:25 - Therefore, why should we die, and why should this very great fire devour us? For if we hear the voice of the Lord our God any longer, we will die.
Heb 12:19 - or the sound of a trumpet, or a voice of words. Those who had experienced these things excused themselves, lest the Word be spoken to them.
Verš 21
And the people stood far away. But Moses approached toward the mist, in which was God.
Ex 19:17 - And when Moses had led them out to meet God, from the place of the camp, they stood at the base of the mountain.
Heb 12:18 - But you have not drawn near to a tangible mountain, or a burning fire, or a whirlwind, or a mist, or a storm,
Verš 24
You shall make an altar from the earth for me, and you shall offer upon it your holocausts and peace-offerings, your sheep and oxen, in every place where the memory of my name shall be. I will come to you, and I will bless you.
Ex 27:1 - “You shall also make an altar of setim wood, which will have five cubits in length, and the same in width, that is, four equal sides, and three cubits in height.
Ex 38:1 - He also made the altar of holocaust from setim wood: five cubits square, and three in height,
Verš 25
And if you make an altar of stone for me, you shall not build it from cut stones; for if you lift up a tool over it, it will be defiled.
Dt 27:5 - and you shall build, in that place, an altar to the Lord your God out of stones which have not been touched by iron,
Joz 8:30 - Then Joshua built an altar to the Lord, the God of Israel, on Mount Ebal,
Ex 20,1 - Desatoro prikázaní obsahuje v krátkosti povinnosti k Bohu a blížnemu. Desať príkazov predstavuje základ a podmienky zmluvy, ktorú Pán uzavrel s Izraelom, a tak je aj podkladom pre dejinné poslanie vyvoleného národa.
Ex 20,5 - Pán je Boh žiarlivý, nestrpí nijakého súpera. Zmluva Pána s ľudom prirovnáva sa k manželstvu a nevera ľudu voči Bohu bude sa volať cudzoložstvom (Iz 1, 21; Jer 2,2; Ez 16,8 atď.).
Ex 20,7 - Nevyslovíš, doslova nevezmeš. Nadarmo – zbytočne; zakazuje sa vyslovovať meno Božie neúctivo, zneužívať ho na falošnú prísahu, kliať a rúhať sa.
Ex 20,8-11 - Zasvätenie soboty prikazuje sa slovami: Spomni … To prezrádza, že zasvätenie soboty už jestvovalo. Aj pri zázraku s mannou sa pripomína zasvätenie siedmeho dňa (16,22), čo je znakom, že zasvätenie soboty je staršieho dáta (Gn 2,3). V sobotu sa zakazovalo zbierať mannu (16,23 n.), zakazovalo sa variť a piecť, zapaľovať oheň (35,3), zbierať dre vo (Nm 15,32), orať a žať (34,21), nosiť bremená (Jer 17,21), obchodovať atď. Sobota sa začínala v piatok večer a končila sa v sobotu večer (Lv 23,32).
Ex 20,14 - Nescudzoložíš – prikazuje sa predovšetkým zachovávanie manželskej vernosti, lež spolu zakazujú sa všetky skutky, ktoré sa priečia čnosti čistoty, teda všetky hriechy nehanebnosti (Lv 20,10; Dt 22,22–24; Mt 5,21–32).
Ex 20,16 - Keďže svedok v hebrejčine označuje aj žalobcu, týmto príkazom sa zakazuje aj krivá obžaloba, falošné obvinenie. Tento príkaz chráni česť človeka.
Ex 20,17 - Deviaty a desiaty príkaz vzťahuje sa na hriešne žiadosti. Zakazuje sa nielen vonkajšie zlo, skutok, ale potláča sa ním priam koreň zla, žiadostivosť (Jak 1,14 n.). Desatoro je prirodzeným zákonom, a preto je také staré ako samo ľudstvo. Aj Izraeliti poznali tieto prirodzené zákony tak, ako ostatní Semiti. Na Sinaji sa tieto prirodzené zákony znova zdôrazňujú, vyhlasuje sa ich všeobecná záväznosť a platnosť, a tak Desatoro sa stáva pozitívnym zákonom Božím. Skutočnosť, že Desatoro je prirodzeným zákonom, vysvetľuje aj tú podobnosť, ktorá je medzi Desatorom a Kódexom Hamurapiho, aspoň o päťsto rokov starším ako vyhlásenie Desatora na Sinaji.
Ex 20,20 - U starých národov bolo presvedčenie, že človek, ktorý vidí Boha, nemôže ďalej ostať nažive. Ale Boh sa nezjavil, aby usmrtil ľud, naopak, zjavil sa, aby ľudí presvedčil o svojej velebe a takto v nich rozhojnil bázeň Božiu, ktorá ich uspôsobí a privedie k poslušnosti voči príkazom Božím a k odporu voči hriechu.
Ex 20,22 - Úryvok 20,22 –23,33 je najstaršou zbierkou izraelského zákonodarstva a podľa 24,4.7 napísal ho sám Mojžiš. Jeho obsahom sú rozličné doplňujúce zákony, týkajúce sa Desatora.
Ex 20,25 - Oltár mal byť bez okrasy. Dôvodom bolo, aby im nepripomínal dajakú podobu, aby sa tak Izraeliti chránili pred modloslužbou.
