Kniha Exodus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Ex 16, 1-36

1 And they set out from Elim. And the entire multitude of the sons of Israel arrived at the desert of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month, after they departed from the land of Egypt. 2 And the entire congregation of the sons of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness. 3 And the sons of Israel said to them: “If only we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat around bowls of meat and ate bread until filled. Why have you led us away, into this desert, so that you might kill the entire multitude with famine?” 4 Then the Lord said to Moses: “Behold, I will rain down bread from heaven for you. Let the people go out and collect what is sufficient for each day, so that I may test them, as to whether or not they will walk in my law. 5 But on the sixth day, let them prepare what they use for carrying, and let there be double what they were accustomed to collect on a single day.” 6 And Moses and Aaron said to the sons of Israel: “In the evening, you will know that the Lord has led you away from the land of Egypt. 7 And in the morning, you will see the glory of the Lord. For he has heard your murmuring against the Lord. But as for us, truly what are we, that you would whisper against us?” 8 And Moses said: “In the evening, the Lord will give you flesh to eat, and in the morning, bread in fullness. For he has heard your murmurings that you have murmured against him. For what are we? Your murmuring is not against us, but against the Lord.” 9 Moses also said to Aaron: “Say to the whole congregation of the sons of Israel, ‘Approach before the Lord. For he has heard your murmuring.’ ” 10 And when Aaron spoke to the entire assembly of the sons of Israel, they looked out toward the wilderness. And behold, the glory of the Lord appeared in a cloud. 11 Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 12 “I have heard the murmuring of the sons of Israel. Say to them: ‘In the evening, you will eat flesh, and in the morning, you will be filled with bread. And you shall know that I am the Lord your God.’ ” 13 Therefore, it happened in the evening: quails, rising up, covered the camp. Likewise, in the morning, a dew lay all around the camp. 14 And when it had covered the face of the earth, it appeared, in the wilderness, small and as if crushed with a pestle, similar to hoar-frost on the ground. 15 When the sons of Israel had seen it, they said one to another: “Manhu?” which means “What is this?” For they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them: “This is the bread that the Lord has given you to eat. 16 This is the word that the Lord has instructed. Let each one collect as much of it as is sufficient to eat. One omer for each head. According to the number of your souls which live in a tent, so will you take of it.” 17 And the sons of Israel did so. And they collected: some more, others less. 18 And they measured by the measure of an omer. He who collected more, did not have too much; nor did he who prepared less, find too little. But each one gathered according to what they were able to eat. 19 And Moses said to them, “Let no one leave any of 40 it behind until morning.” 20 And they did not listen to him, but they left some of it behind until morning, and it began to swarm with worms, and it putrefied. And Moses became angry against them. 21 Then each one collected, in the morning, as much as would be sufficient to eat. And after the sun became hot, it melted. 22 But on the sixth day, they collected a double portion, that is, two omers for each man. Then all the leaders among the multitude came, and they discoursed with Moses. 23 And he said to them: “This is what the Lord has spoken: Tomorrow, the rest day of the Sabbath, has been sanctified to the Lord. Whatever would be done, do it now. And whatever would be cooked, cook it now. Then anything that will have been left over, store it until morning.” 24 And they did just as Moses had instructed, and it did not putrefy, nor were there any worms found in it. 25 And Moses said: “Eat it today, because it is the Sabbath of the Lord. Today it will not be found in the field. 26 Gather for six days. But on the seventh day, it is the Sabbath of the Lord, for which reason it will not be found.” 27 And the seventh day arrived. And some of the people, going out to collect it, did not find it. 28 Then the Lord said to Moses: “How long will you be unwilling to keep my commandments and my law? 29 See how the Lord has given you the Sabbath, and, because of this, on the sixth day he distributes to you a double portion. Let each one remain with his own, and let no one go forth from his place on the seventh day.” 30 And the people kept the Sabbath on the seventh day. 31 And the house of Israel called its name ‘Manna.’ It was like white coriander seed, and its taste was like wheat flour with honey. 32 Then Moses said: “This is the word that the Lord has instructed: Fill an omer of it, and let it be kept for future generations hereafter, so that they may know the bread, with which I nourished you in the wilderness, when you had been led away from the land of Egypt.” 33 And Moses said to Aaron, “Take one vessel, and put manna into it, as much as an omer is able to hold. And store it in the sight of the Lord, to keep for your generations, 34 just as the Lord instructed Moses.” And so, Aaron placed it in the tabernacle, in reserve. 35 Now the sons of Israel ate manna for forty years, until they arrived in a habitable land. With this food they were nourished, even until they touched the borders of the land of Canaan. 36 Now an omer is a tenth part of an ephah.

Verš 33

And Moses said to Aaron, “Take one vessel, and put manna into it, as much as an omer is able to hold. And store it in the sight of the Lord, to keep for your generations,

Heb 9:4 - having a golden censer, and the ark of the testament, covered all around and on every part with gold, in which was a golden urn containing manna, and the rod of Aaron which had blossomed, and the tablets of the testament.

Verš 3

And the sons of Israel said to them: “If only we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat around bowls of meat and ate bread until filled. Why have you led us away, into this desert, so that you might kill the entire multitude with famine?”

1Kor 10:10 - And you should not murmur, as some of them murmured, and so they perished by the destroyer.

Nm 11:4 - So then, the mix of common people, who had ascended with them, were enflamed with desire, and sitting and weeping, with the sons of Israel joining them, they said, “Who will give us flesh to eat?

Verš 4

Then the Lord said to Moses: “Behold, I will rain down bread from heaven for you. Let the people go out and collect what is sufficient for each day, so that I may test them, as to whether or not they will walk in my law.

Ž 78:24 -

Ž 105:40 - And the Lord became furiously angry with his people, and he abhorred his inheritance.

Verš 10

And when Aaron spoke to the entire assembly of the sons of Israel, they looked out toward the wilderness. And behold, the glory of the Lord appeared in a cloud.

Ex 13:21 - Now the Lord preceded them to show them the way, by day with a pillar of cloud, and by night with a pillar of fire, so that he might be the leader of their journey at both times.

Verš 12

“I have heard the murmuring of the sons of Israel. Say to them: ‘In the evening, you will eat flesh, and in the morning, you will be filled with bread. And you shall know that I am the Lord your God.’ ”

Jn 6:49 - Your fathers ate manna in the desert, and they died.

Jn 6:58 - Just as the living Father has sent me and I live because of the Father, so also whoever eats me, the same shall live because of me.

Verš 13

Therefore, it happened in the evening: quails, rising up, covered the camp. Likewise, in the morning, a dew lay all around the camp.

Nm 11:31 - Then a wind, going out from the Lord and moving forcefully across the sea, brought quails and cast them into the camp, across a distance of one day’s journey, in every part of the camp all around, and they flew in the air two cubits high above the ground.

Ž 105:40 - And the Lord became furiously angry with his people, and he abhorred his inheritance.

Verš 14

And when it had covered the face of the earth, it appeared, in the wilderness, small and as if crushed with a pestle, similar to hoar-frost on the ground.

Nm 11:7 - Now the manna was like coriander seed, but with the color of bdellium.

Neh 9:15 - You also gave them bread from heaven in their hunger, and you brought forth water from the rock for them in their thirst. And you said to them that they should enter and possess the land, over which you lifted up your hand so that you might give it to them.

Ž 78:24 -

Ž 105:40 - And the Lord became furiously angry with his people, and he abhorred his inheritance.

Verš 15

When the sons of Israel had seen it, they said one to another: “Manhu?” which means “What is this?” For they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them: “This is the bread that the Lord has given you to eat.

Jn 6:31 - Our fathers ate manna in the desert, just as it has been written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’ ”

1Kor 10:3 - And they all ate of the same spiritual food.

Verš 18

And they measured by the measure of an omer. He who collected more, did not have too much; nor did he who prepared less, find too little. But each one gathered according to what they were able to eat.

2Kor 8:15 - “He with more did not have too much; and he with less did not have 667 too little.”

Verš 35

Now the sons of Israel ate manna for forty years, until they arrived in a habitable land. With this food they were nourished, even until they touched the borders of the land of Canaan.

Jn 5:12 - Therefore, they questioned him, “Who is that man, who said to you, ‘Take up your bed and walk?’ ”

Verš 31

And the house of Israel called its name ‘Manna.’ It was like white coriander seed, and its taste was like wheat flour with honey.

Nm 11:7 - Now the manna was like coriander seed, but with the color of bdellium.

Ex 16,13-15 - Prepelice sú sťahovavé vtáky a aj dnes vo veľkých húfoch prilietajú z Európy na Sinajský polostrov. Po prelete ponad Stredozemné more sú unavené a ľahko sa dajú chytiť. Egypťania ich mäso solili a odkladali. Zázrak s prepelicami je však v tom, že doleteli vtedy, keď boli potrebné, a v tom čase, na ktorý ich Mojžiš predpovedal. – Ráno bola nad zemou hmla a zahaľovala napadnutú mannu. Keď hmla zmizla, s rosou sa objavila na zemi aj manna. "Čo je to", hebrejsky "manhú" alebo aj "je to manna"? Často sa kladie otázka, či príhoda s mannou dá sa vysvetliť prirodzeným spôsobom, alebo či ide o mimoprírodný zjav. Táto otázka vznikla zo skutočnosti, že na Sinajskom polostrove a inde jestvuje krovie, ktoré Arabi volajú tarfa a botanici Tamarix mannifera. Žije na ňom hmyz (Trabutina mannipara a Najacoccus serpentinus minor), ktorý vylučuje hmotu veľkosti špendlíkovej hlávky. Jednotlivé guľky sa však spájajú na listoch a konárikoch a na zem padajú vo veľkosti jadra lieskovca. Zbierajú sa za rána a pred večerom. Táto prirodzená manna sa však vyskytuje len od mája do augusta a viac jej býva, keď rok je vlhký. Dnes sa jej nazbiera do roka na Sinajskom polostrove najviac 300 kg. Používa sa ako liečivo alebo ako príkrm ku chlebu.Mojžiš zreteľne považoval biblickú mannu za čosi mimoriadne, za "chlieb z neba". Pre kresťanskú tradíciu je predobrazom Eucharistie, duchovného pokrmu Cirkvi, pravého Izraela, na ceste do nebeskej vlasti.

Ex 16,16 - Gomer je nádoba egyptského pôvodu, merajúca 3 a pol litra.

Ex 16,33-34 - V časoch Šalamúnových manna už nebola vo svätyni (1 Kr 8,9). Mojžiš mal položiť mannu pred svedectvo, čiže pred Zákon, pred dve kamenné tabule, na ktorých bolo Desatoro. V tomto prípade Mojžiš mohol uskutočniť Pánov príkaz len po vyhotovení svätostánku.

Ex 16,36 - Efa obnáša 36 litrov.