Kniha Genezis

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Gn 4, 1-26

1 Truly, Adam knew his wife Eve, who conceived and gave birth to Cain, saying, “I have obtained a man through God.” 2 And again she gave birth to his brother Abel. But Abel was a pastor of sheep, and Cain was a farmer. 3 Then it happened, after many days, that Cain offered gifts to the Lord, from the fruits of the earth. 4 Abel likewise offered from the firstborn of his flock, and from their fat. And the Lord looked with favor on Abel and his gifts. 5 Yet in truth, he did not look with favor on Cain and his gifts. And Cain was vehemently angry, and his countenance fell. 6 And the Lord said to him: “Why are you angry? And why is your face fallen? 7 If you behave well, will you not receive? But if you behave badly, will not sin at once be present at the door? And so its desire will be within you, and you will be dominated by it.” 8 And Cain said to his brother Abel, “Let us go outside.” And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel, and he put him to death. 9 And the Lord said to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” And he responded: “I do not know. Am I my brother’s keeper?” 10 And he said to him: “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood cries out to me from the land. 11 Now, therefore, you will be cursed upon the land, which opened its mouth and received the blood of your brother at your hand. 12 When you work it, it will not give you its fruit; a vagrant and a fugitive shall you be upon the land.” 13 And Cain said to the Lord: “My iniquity is too great to deserve kindness. 14 Behold, you have cast me out this day before the face of the earth, and from your face I will be hidden; and I will be a vagrant and a fugitive on the earth. Therefore, anyone who finds me will kill me.” 15 And the Lord said to him: “By no means will it be so; rather, whoever would kill Cain, will be punished sevenfold.” And the Lord placed a seal upon Cain, so that anyone who found him would not put him to death. 16 And so Cain, departing from the face of the Lord, lived as a fugitive on the earth, toward the eastern region of Eden. 17 Then Cain knew his wife, and she conceived and gave birth to Enoch. And he built a city, and he called its name by the name of his son, Enoch. 18 Thereafter, Enoch conceived Irad, and Irad conceived Mahujael, and Mahujael conceived Mathusael, and Mathusael conceived Lamech. 19 Lamech took two wives: the name of one was Adah, and the name of the other was Zillah. 20 And Adah conceived Jabel, who was the father of those who live in tents and are shepherds. 21 And the name of his brother was Jubal; he was the father of those who sing to the harp and the organ. 22 Zillah also conceived Tubalcain, who was a hammerer and artisan in every work 4 of brass and iron. In fact, the sister of Tubalcain was Noema. 23 And Lamech said to his wives Adah and Zillah: “Listen to my voice, you wives of Lamech, pay attention to my speech. For I have killed a man to my own harm, and an adolescent to my own bruising. 24 Sevenfold vengeance will be given for Cain, but for Lamech, seventy-seven times.” 25 Adam also knew his wife again, and she gave birth to a son, and she called his name Seth, saying, “God has given me another offspring, in place of Abel, whom Cain killed.” 26 But to Seth also was born a son, whom he called Enos. This one began to invoke the name of the Lord.

Verš 4

Abel likewise offered from the firstborn of his flock, and from their fat. And the Lord looked with favor on Abel and his gifts.

Heb 11:4 - By faith, Abel offered to God a much better sacrifice than that of Cain, through which he obtained testimony that he was just, in that God offered testimony to his gifts. And through that sacrifice, he still speaks to us, though he is dead.

Verš 8

And Cain said to his brother Abel, “Let us go outside.” And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel, and he put him to death.

Mt 23:35 - so that upon you may fall all the blood of the just, which has been shed upon the earth, from the blood of Abel the just, even to the blood of Zechariah the son of Barachiah, whom you killed between the temple and the altar.

1Jn 3:12 - Do not be like Cain, who was of the evil one, and who killed his brother. And why did he kill him? Because his own works were wicked, but his brother’s works were just.

Júd 1:11 - Woe to them! For they have gone after the way of Cain, and they have poured out the error of Balaam for profit, and they have perished in the sedition of Korah.

Verš 10

And he said to him: “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood cries out to me from the land.

Heb 12:24 - and to Jesus, the Mediator of the New Testament, and to a sprinkling of blood, which speaks better than the blood of Abel.

Verš 12

When you work it, it will not give you its fruit; a vagrant and a fugitive shall you be upon the land.”

Prís 28:17 - A man who slanders the blood of a life, even if he flees to the pit, no one will tolerate him.

Verš 14

Behold, you have cast me out this day before the face of the earth, and from your face I will be hidden; and I will be a vagrant and a fugitive on the earth. Therefore, anyone who finds me will kill me.”

Jób 15:20 - The impious is arrogant for all his days, and the number of the years of his tyranny is uncertain.

Verš 24

Sevenfold vengeance will be given for Cain, but for Lamech, seventy-seven times.”

Gn 4:15 - And the Lord said to him: “By no means will it be so; rather, whoever would kill Cain, will be punished sevenfold.” And the Lord placed a seal upon Cain, so that anyone who found him would not put him to death.

Gn 4,1 - "Poznať ženu" v hlbokej biblickej reči značí pohlavné obcovanie v kladnom slova zmysle. V opačnom prípade používa Sväté písmo výraz "ležal s ňou" (porov. 2 Sam 13,14), čím sa myslí cudzoložstvo.

Gn 4,1-2 - Kain na tomto mieste odvodzuje sa od slovesa qánáh a značilo by ,získaného, prijatého'. Ábel je ,syn' (asyr), prvorodený syn.

Gn 4,3-4 - "Pán zhliadol" a "nezhliadol" sa vyjadruje záľuba v obete, alebo jej odvrhnutie. Ako poznali Kain a Ábel, že prvého obetu Pán neprijal a druhého prijal, nie je isté. Pravdepodobne v tom, že Ábela požehnával a Kainovi sa nevodilo najlepšie.

Gn 4,6-7 - Pri Kainovi bolo badať, že je zlej vôle a že čosi zlého zamýšľa. Pán snaží sa ho odvrátiť od jeho zlého úmyslu. Ak sa Kain neprestane hnevať, je v nebezpečenstve, že spácha zločin.

Gn 4,8-16 - Kain zamietol príležitosť polepšiť sa a rúti sa do záhuby. Hriech rodí hriech. Zo závisti zabije svojho nevinného brata. Ábel, nevinná obeta, je predobrazom Ježišovej smrti. – Aj po hriechu vraždy Pán blíži sa s výčitkou ku Kainovi. Kain sa nechce k hriechu priznať. Napokon uzná svoj hriech, lež ani teraz neprosí o odpustenie, zdá sa, že si ide zúfať: "ktokoľvek ma nájde, zabije ma" a "môj zločin je väčší, než aby mi bol odpustený". Bratovrah sa bojí svojho zavraždenia, myslí si, že niekto bude pomstiť Ábela. Ale Boh aj tu trest ponecháva len sebe.

Gn 4,17 - Henoch značí ,zvyklý' alebo ,zasvätený'. Kde a kedy postavil Kain "mesto", nedá sa zistiť. Nebolo to však mesto v našom zmysle.

Gn 4,19-22 - Kainov rodostrom má sedem generácií: Kain, Henoch, Irad, Maviel, Matusael, Lamech a Jabel s Jubalom. Význam týchto mien je neistý, zdá sa, že niektoré ani nie sú hebrejského pôvodu. Ada znamená ,okrasu', Sella ,tieň'.

Gn 4,23-24 - Pieseň Lamechova, čiže pieseň o meči, prezrádza, ako ľudstvo bez Boha mravne klesá. Už nejde o prísnu spravodlivosť, ale o pomstu: svojvoľne bude vraždiť aj pre najmenšiu urážku a ublíženie na tele. Možno, že Lamech po prvý raz držal v rukách meč, čo mu ukoval jeho syn Tubalkain, a pyšný na svoju silu a istotu prezrádza svoje ukrutné vnútro. Lamech je horší ako Kain. Kain vraždil z nenávisti a závisti, Lamech nemá skoro na to ani príčiny. Kain sa nechcel ani priznať, že zabil brata, Lamech sa so svojím vražedným úmyslom vychvaľuje. Lamech sa vynáša nad Boha, ktorý sľúbil, že Kainovu smrť potresce sedemkrát, Lamech sa bude pomstiť krutejšie, krivdu potresce totiž až sedemdesiatsedemkrát. Hrozný je rodostrom Kainov: začína sa bratovraždou a končí človekom, ktorý sa chvastá vražednými úmyslami.

Gn 4,25 - Podľa niektorých meno Set je pôvodu sumerského a značí ,brat'. Iní odvodzujú ho od slovesa šít ,nahradený', postavený na ,miesto'. V tomto prípade Set by bol náhradou za Ábela a Set by už Eve bol býval zárukou, že sa splní prísľub o Mesiášovi (3,15).

Gn 4,26 - V mene Enos, za ktorého, "sa začalo vzývať meno Pánovo", sú podčiarknuté dva významy: Enos znamená "človek" aj "meno" Pána – Jahveho. Text je dokladom náboženskej orientovanosti časti ľudského potomstva.