Kniha Genezis

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Gn 3, 1-24

1 However, the serpent was more crafty than any of the creatures of the earth that the Lord God had made. And he said to the woman, “Why has God instructed you, that you should not eat from every tree of Paradise?” 2 The woman responded to him: “From the fruit of the trees which are in Paradise, we eat. 3 Yet truly, from the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of Paradise, God has instructed us that we should not eat, and that we should not touch it, lest perhaps we may die.” 4 Then the serpent said to the woman: “By no means will you die a death. 5 For God knows that, on whatever day you will eat from it, your eyes will be opened; and you will be like gods, knowing good and evil.” 6 And so the woman saw that the tree was good to eat, and beautiful to the eyes, and delightful to consider. And she took from its fruit, and she ate. And she gave to her husband, who ate. 7 And the eyes of them both were opened. And when they realized themselves to be naked, they joined together fig leaves and made coverings for themselves. 8 And when they had heard the voice of the Lord God taking a walk in Paradise in the afternoon breeze, Adam and his wife hid themselves from the face of the Lord God in the midst of the trees of Paradise. 9 And the Lord God called Adam and said to him: “Where are you?” 10 And he said, “I heard your voice in Paradise, and I was afraid, because I was naked, and so I hid myself.” 11 He said to him, “Then who told you that you were naked, if you have not eaten of the tree from which I instructed you that you should not eat?” 12 And Adam said, “The woman, whom you gave to me as a companion, gave to me from the tree, and I ate.” 13 And the Lord God said to the woman, “Why have you done this?” And she responded, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.” 14 And the Lord God said to the serpent: “Because you have done this, you are cursed among all living things, even the wild beasts of the earth. Upon your breast shall you travel, and the ground shall you eat, all the days of your life. 15 I will put enmities between you and the woman, between your offspring and her offspring. She will crush your head, and you will lie in wait for her heel.” 16 To the woman, he also said: “I will multiply your labors and your conceptions. In pain shall you give birth to sons, and you shall be under your husband’s power, and he shall have dominion over you.” 17 Yet truly, to Adam, he said: “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten of the tree, from which I instructed you that you should not eat, cursed is the land that you work. In hardship shall you eat from it, all the days of your life. 18 Thorns and thistles shall it produce for you, and you shall eat the plants of the earth. 19 By the sweat of your face shall you eat bread, until you return to the earth from which you were taken. For dust you are, and unto dust you shall return.” 20 And Adam called the name of his wife, ‘Eve,’ because she was the mother of all the living. 21 The Lord God also made for Adam and his wife garments from skins, and he clothed them. 22 And he said: “Behold, Adam has become like one of us, knowing good and evil. Therefore, now perhaps he may put forth his hand and also take from the tree of life, and eat, and live in eternity.” 23 And so the Lord God sent him away from the Paradise of enjoyment, in order to work the earth from which he was taken. 24 And he cast out Adam. And in front of the Paradise of enjoyment, he placed the Cherubim with a flaming sword, turning together, to guard the way to the tree of life.

Verš 4

Then the serpent said to the woman: “By no means will you die a death.

2Kor 11:3 - But I am afraid lest, as the serpent led astray Eve by his cleverness, so your minds might be corrupted and might fall away from the simplicity which is in Christ.

Verš 5

For God knows that, on whatever day you will eat from it, your eyes will be opened; and you will be like gods, knowing good and evil.”

Jn 8:44 - You are of your father, the devil. And you will carry out the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning. And he did not stand in the truth, because the truth is not in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks it from his own self. For he is a liar, and the father of lies.

Verš 6

And so the woman saw that the tree was good to eat, and beautiful to the eyes, and delightful to consider. And she took from its fruit, and she ate. And she gave to her husband, who ate.

Rim 5:12 - Therefore, just as through one man sin entered into this world, and through sin, death; so also death was transferred to all men, to all who have sinned.

Rim 5:14 - Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses, even in those who have not sinned, in the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a figure of him who was to come.

1Tim 2:14 - And Adam was not seduced, but the woman, having been seduced, was in transgression.

Verš 7

And the eyes of them both were opened. And when they realized themselves to be naked, they joined together fig leaves and made coverings for themselves.

Gn 2:25 - Now they were both naked: Adam, of course, and his wife. And they were not ashamed.

Verš 13

And the Lord God said to the woman, “Why have you done this?” And she responded, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.”

Zjv 12:13 - And after the dragon saw that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who brought forth the male child.

Verš 15

I will put enmities between you and the woman, between your offspring and her offspring. She will crush your head, and you will lie in wait for her heel.”

Mt 4:1 - Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert, in order to be tempted by the devil.

Kol 2:15 - And so, despoiling principalities and powers, he has led them away confidently and openly, triumphing over them in himself.

Verš 16

To the woman, he also said: “I will multiply your labors and your conceptions. In pain shall you give birth to sons, and you shall be under your husband’s power, and he shall have dominion over you.”

1Kor 14:34 - Women should be silent in the churches. For it is not permitted for them to speak; but instead, they should be subordinate, as the law also says.

1Tim 2:11 - Let a woman learn in silence with all subjection.

Tít 2:5 - be sensible, chaste, restrained, have concern for the household, be kind, be subordinate to their husbands: so that the Word of God may be not blasphemed.

1Pt 3:6 - For so Sarah obeyed Abraham, calling him lord. You are her daughters, well-behaved and unafraid of any disturbance.

Gn 3,1-6 - Boh dovolil prarodičom jesť z ovocia všetkých stromov (2,15–17), okrem jedného. Zo stromu "poznania dobra a zla" zakázal im totiž jesť, a to preto, aby človek poznal a uznal, že i keď je vlastníkom všetkých stvorených vecí, predsa nie je ich neobmedzeným pánom. Človek si má uvedomiť, že aj pri užívaní stvorených dobier je závislý od Boha, lebo poznať, čo je dobré a čo je zlé, a rozlíšiť to vie len Boh. Preto je cesta "k stromu poznania dobra a zla" zakázaná. Čo je pre človeka otvorené, je cesta "k stromu života". Potom pochopíme, že hoci pri Božom zákaze išlo o nepatrnú vec, pre zámer, ktorý Boh sledoval svojím príkazom, zákaz sa stal veľmi vážnym. To mal človek chápať aj v tom, že prekročenie tohto zákazu malo mať za následok ťažký trest: "Istotne zomrieš!" – U prvých rodičov nebolo možné, že by pokušenie pri nich bolo prišlo znútra: mali vliatu vedomosť, dostali milosť, čo ich oslobodzovala od boja nezriadených žiadostivostí proti rozumu a vôli. Preto pokušenie muselo prísť zvonka. Inými slovami: zlo je "už" prítomné vo svete. Pokušiteľ je tu diabol, bytosť, ktorá rozmýšľa a rozpráva, teda duch. A pretože pokúša k neposlušnosti a pýche, je to zlý duch (Múd 2,24; Jn 2,44; Zjv 12,9). Had tu slúži ako symbol bytosti nepriateľskej Bohu a nepriateľskej človeku. Diabol pokúša slabšieho, ženu. Svoj zámer neprejavuje hneď, nepokúša razom na hriech. Hriech má svoju psychológiu, ktorá spočíva v konfúzii svedomia. Hriech sa vždy začína znehodnotením hodnôt vo svedomí. Túto konfúziu reprezentuje Evin omyl pri vysvetľovaní Božieho zákazu jesť zo stromu, pretože tvrdí, že nemajú jesť zo stromu "v strede raja" (Gn 3,3); a pozorný čitateľ vie, že v strede raja bol strom života, z ktorého Boh jesť nezakázal (Gn 2,9). Tým robí Boha luhárom a tak je dielo Zlého – diabla, ktorý začal rozhovor nevinnou otázkou, dokonané. Eva ťažko zhrešila: vedela, že príkaz je ťažký; a pohnútkou na jej hriech nebola len žiadostivosť, ale aj pýcha, túžba po samostatnosti a nezávislosti od Boha ("budete ako Boh!"); jej hriech zväčšuje i tá okolnosť, že zviedla aj svojho muža. Lenže hriech Adamov je väčší, veď mal v istom zmysle väčšiu zodpovednosť ako žena. Obaja však zhrešili ťažko. A pretože Adam je hlavou ľudského pokolenia (Rim 5,12), v ňom sme zhrešili všetci, ktorí pochádzame od neho (dedičný hriech).

Gn 3,7-13 - V hriechu je prítomný už aj trest. Trest sa dotýkal v prvom rade duše. Zakusujú v sebe boj nezriadenej žiadostivosti: "otvorili sa obom oči". Ale inakšie, ako to mysleli, "spoznali, že sú nahí", a nastáva u nich boj telesného človeka proti duchovnému. K tomuto pristupuje ďalší trest, a to strach pred Bohom. A napokon je to snaha vyhovoriť sa.

Gn 3,15 - Tento verš je síce náznakom ustavičného boja medzi ženou a hadom - diablom, ale je tiež prejavom lásky Božej, ktorá prisľubuje žene raz víťazstvo nad diablom, a to skrze jej potomka, skrze Mesiáša. Preto sa tento verš volá prvou blahozvesťou, protoevanjeliom. I keď potomstvom Eviným sú všetci ľudia, sv. Otcovia a exegéti vedení sv. Pavlom (Rim 16,20) vykladajú slovo individuálne o Ježišovi Kristovi. On bol jediný potomok, ktorý zvíťazil svojou smrťou na kríži nad hlavou diablovou. – Žena, o ktorej je tu reč, je síce Eva, lež v plnom zmysle je to tá, čo porodila Krista bez spolučinnosti muža, Panna Mária. Veď Kristus premohol diabla nie preto, že je synom Eviným, ale preto, že je Synom Božím. A Panna Mária jediná zo žien bola v ustavičnom nepriateľstve s diablom, veď jej dušu nezatienil nijaký hriech.

Gn 3,16 - Trest zasahuje vinníkov v ich hlavnom povolaní. Ženu ako matku, muža ako robotníka. Ale to neznamená, že keby neboli spáchali hriech, žena by nebola bývala rodila v bolesti a muž by sa nebol potil pri práci. Veľký trest však bol, že stratili spoločenstvo s Bohom (v. 23).

Gn 3,20 - Adam prijíma trest pokorne, posilnený nádejou budúceho víťazstva "ženinho potomstva", a túto svoju nádej aj vyslovuje tým, že svoju ženu pomenúva Evou–Hawáh, čiže Životom. Eva sa stáva predobrazom Panny Márie, Matky žijúcich.

Gn 3,21-24 - Boh prarodičov spravodlivo vypovedáva z miesta, na ktorom mali žiť šťastne, ak by boli poslúchali príkaz Boží. Nestalo sa tak. Boh ich vyháňa aj preto, aby nejedli zo stromu života. Stratili naň právo, lebo hriech ich olúpil o výsadu nesmrteľnosti. Boh ich vyhnal do zeme, prekliatej pre hriech. Človek ju má odteraz obrábať, má s ňou zápasiť.