výhody registrácie

Kniha Sudcov

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(KJV - Anglický - King James)

Sdc 11, 1-40

1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah. 2 And Gilead's wife bare him sons; and his wife's sons grew up, and they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him, Thou shalt not inherit in our father's house; for thou art the son of a strange woman. 3 Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with him. 4 And it came to pass in process of time, that the children of Ammon made war against Israel. 5 And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob: 6 And they said unto Jephthah, Come, and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon. 7 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, Did not ye hate me, and expel me out of my father's house? and why are ye come unto me now when ye are in distress? 8 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, Therefore we turn again to thee now, that thou mayest go with us, and fight against the children of Ammon, and be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead. 9 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, If ye bring me home again to fight against the children of Ammon, and the LORD deliver them before me, shall I be your head? 10 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, The LORD be witness between us, if we do not so according to thy words. 11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and captain over them: and Jephthah uttered all his words before the LORD in Mizpeh. 12 And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land? 13 And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably. 14 And Jephthah sent messengers again unto the king of the children of Ammon: 15 And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon: 16 But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh; 17 Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh. 18 Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab. 19 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place. 20 But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel. 21 And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country. 22 And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan. 23 So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it? 24 Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whomsoever the LORD our God shall drive out from before us, them will we possess. 25 And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them, 26 While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time? 27 Wherefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon. 28 Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him. 29 Then the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the children of Ammon. 30 And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands, 31 Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering. 32 So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands. 33 And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel. 34 And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter. 35 And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back. 36 And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the LORD, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the LORD hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon. 37 And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows. 38 And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains. 39 And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel, 40 That the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.

Sdc 11, 1-40





Verš 1
Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.
Heb 11:32 - And what shall I more say? for the time would fail me to tell of Gedeon, and of Barak, and of Samson, and of Jephthae; of David also, and Samuel, and of the prophets:

Verš 15
And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon:
Nm 21:13 - From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.
Dt 2:9 - And the LORD said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither contend with them in battle: for I will not give thee of their land for a possession; because I have given Ar unto the children of Lot for a possession.
Dt 2:19 - And when thou comest nigh over against the children of Ammon, distress them not, nor meddle with them: for I will not give thee of the land of the children of Ammon any possession; because I have given it unto the children of Lot for a possession.

Verš 17
Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh.
Nm 20:17 - Let us pass, I pray thee, through thy country: we will not pass through the fields, or through the vineyards, neither will we drink of the water of the wells: we will go by the king's highway, we will not turn to the right hand nor to the left, until we have passed thy borders.

Verš 19
And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place.
Dt 2:26 - And I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth unto Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying,
Nm 21:22 - Let me pass through thy land: we will not turn into the fields, or into the vineyards; we will not drink of the waters of the well: but we will go along by the king's high way, until we be past thy borders.

Verš 22
And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan.
Dt 2:36 - From Aroer, which is by the brink of the river of Arnon, and from the city that is by the river, even unto Gilead, there was not one city too strong for us: the LORD our God delivered all unto us:

Verš 25
And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them,
Nm 22:2 - And Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites.

Sdc 11,1 - Vg: "Toho času bol Jefte…, muž veľmi silný a bojovný…" Jefte (hebr. Jiftách – "[Boh] otvára", pravdepodobne materské lono) pochádzal – ako aj Jair – zo Zajordánska. Nebol synom vedľajšej ženy Galaádovej (porov. Abimelecha, 8,31; 9,18), ale skutočným ľavobočkom.

Sdc 11,2 - Ľavoboček nededil po otcovi (Gn 21,10), ale otec mu mohol dať dary.

Sdc 11,3 - Porov. Abimelecha 9,4 a Dávida 1 Sam 22,2; 23,1 nn.; 25; 27,7. – Krajinu Tob treba hľadať v oblasti jordánskych prameňov, niekde severovýchodne od Genezaretského jazera.

Sdc 11,11 - V Masfe v Zajordánsku (10,17) bol asi oltár Pánov (porov. Gedeonov oltár v Efre 6,24). Jefte a starší galaádski uzavreli zmluvu, ktorú spečatili obetou.

Sdc 11,16-20 - Porov. Ex 13,18; Nm 14,25; 20,14 – 21,22. – V Nm 20,14–21 sa však nehovorí, že by boli vyslali poslov aj k moabskému kráľovi. – Jasa (Jachsa, Jachas, Nm 21,23; Dt 2,32; Joz 13,18), severne od Arnona.

Sdc 11,24 - Kamoš (Chamos) bol miestnym bohom Moabska (Nm 21,29; 1 Kr 11,7.33; 2 Kr 23,13; Jer 48,7.13.46). Bohom Amončanov bol zas Milkom (2 Sam 12,30). Podľa vtedajšieho názoru národní bohovia boli majiteľmi zeme, ktorú ten alebo onen národ obýval. Jefte sa stavia na stanovisko nepriateľa. Pre svojho Boha Jahveho si nárokuje také práva, aké prisudzujú Amončania svojmu bohu Kamošovi.

Sdc 11,25 - O Balakovi pozri Nm 22 – 24. Nebojoval proti Izraelitom, lebo mu to bolo znemožnené, ale mal k tomu najlepší nábeh.

Sdc 11,26 - Hesebon, východne od ústia Jordána do Mŕtveho mora. – Aroer, pozri Joz 12,2; 13,25.

Sdc 11,27 - "Po práve rozsúdi", t. j. dá zvíťaziť v boji tomu, kto má právny nárok na spornú zem.

Sdc 11,29 - Porov. 3,10; 6,34; 14,6.19.

Sdc 11,30 - Predmetom sľubu Jefteho je ľudská obeta. – Mojžišov zákon síce výslovne zakazoval ľudské obety, ale Jefte, ako syn smilnice, ktorý nemal dostatočnej náboženskej výchovy a neskoršie ako vojak a vodca lupičskej družiny veľmi málo sa dopočul o zákone Pánovom, ľahko sa mohol dať zviesť zvyklosťou okolitých pohanských národov, u ktorých boli ľudské obety nielen v obyčaji, ale aj vysoko cenené. Ba Jefte videl v takomto čine prejav veľkodušnosti. Z v. 39 vysvitá, že pri sľube nemyslel na obetu vlastnej dcéry, čo zmierňuje krutosť daného sľubu. Niet pochybnosti, že v jeho dobe bola prísaha vecou presvätou, preto si pokladal za povinnosť sľub vyplniť. – Sväté písmo jeho čin nijako neschvaľuje, ba skôr kára, keď hovorí, že jej urobil tak, ako bol sľúbil (v. 39). Z toho jediného prípadu nábožensky nevzdelaného vojaka a polopohana sa nedá uzavierať, že by bolo bývalo u Izraelitov rozšírené všeobecné presvedčenie o zvláštnej cene ľudskej obety pred Bohom, keď oproti tomu máme v zákone Mojžišovom výslovný zákaz takých obetí (Dt 12,31).

Sdc 11,33 - Miesto "až po Abel Keramim" má Vg: "a až k Abelu, ktorý je posiaty vinicami". – Menit (Minnith), asi na mieste dnešného Chirbet Beddih, 6 km severovýchodne od Hesebona. – Abel Keramim (Abhél Kerámín) ležal podľa Euzébia asi 15 km od Filadelfie (Rabboth Ammon).

Sdc 11,34 - Porov. 1 Sam 18,6 nn.; Ex 15,20 n. Podľa Lv 27,2.5 mohol Jefte vykúpiť svoju dcéru za 10 lotov, ale Jefte o tom nevie. Nový to doklad jeho náboženskej nevzdelanosti.

Sdc 11,36 - Keďže dcéra sa ochotne a bez váhania podrobuje otcovej vôli, vidieť z toho, že bola tiež presvedčená o záväznosti prísahy danej Bohu. Zásada to správna, ale v tomto prípade učinený sľub nezaväzoval.

Sdc 11,37 - Chce "oplakať svoje panenstvo", nie predčasnú smrť, ale to, že musí zomrieť bez potomstva, bez nádeje, že bude žiť tu na zemi aj po smrti vo svojich deťoch a detných deťoch.