Kniha Levitikus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Lv 27, 1-34

1 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: The man who will have made a vow and espoused his soul to God shall give the price according to the estimation. 3 If it is a male from twenty years to sixty years, he shall give fifty shekels of silver, by the measure of the Sanctuary; 4 if it is a woman, thirty. 5 But from the fifth year until the twentieth, a male shall give twenty shekels; a female, ten. 6 From one month until the fifth year, for a male, five shekels shall be given; for a female, three. 7 At sixty years and beyond, a male shall give fifteen shekels; a female, ten. 8 If he is poor, and he does not have the means to pay the estimation, he shall stand before the priest, and however much he will value him and see that he is able to pay, so much shall he give. 9 But an animal which could be immolated to the Lord, if anyone has vowed it, shall be holy, 10 and it cannot be exchanged, that is, neither better for worse, nor worse for better. And if he has exchanged it, both that which was exchanged, and that for which it was exchanged shall be consecrated to the Lord. 11 An unclean animal which could not be sacrificed to the Lord, if anyone has vowed it, shall be led before the priest, 12 who, judging whether it is either good or bad, shall set the price. 13 But if he who offers it was willing to give, he shall add a fifth part above the estimation. 14 If a man has vowed his house, and he has sanctified it to the Lord, the priest shall examine it, whether it is good or bad, and it shall be sold according to the price which he will have established. 15 But if he who vowed it was willing to redeem it, he shall give a fifth part beyond the estimation, and he shall have the house. 16 But if he has vowed a field of his possession, and has consecrated it to the Lord, the price shall be estimated according to the measure of the seed. If the land would be sown with thirty measures of barley, then let it be sold for fifty shekels of silver. 17 If he has vowed his field beginning from the current year of Jubilee, as much as it may be worth, so shall it be estimated. 18 But if, after some amount of time, the priest shall evaluate the money according to the number of years that remain until the Jubilee, then the price shall be reduced. 19 But if he who had vowed it, was willing to redeem his field, he shall add a fifth part of the money to the estimation, and then he shall possess it. 20 But if he is not willing to redeem it, then it shall be sold to any other; he who vowed it is no longer able to redeem it. 21 For when the day of Jubilee arrives, it shall be sanctified to the Lord. And as a possession that has been consecrated, it rightfully belongs to the priest. 22 If a field has been bought, and it is not from the possession of ancestors, it shall be sanctified to the Lord. 23 The priest shall evaluate the price according to the number of years until the Jubilee; and the one who had vowed it shall give to the Lord. 24 Then, in the Jubilee, it shall be returned to the former owner, the one who had sold it and who had held it within the lot of his possession. 25 All estimation shall be weighed according to the shekel of the Sanctuary. A shekel has twenty obols. 26 The 71 firstborn, which belong to the Lord, no one is able to sanctify or vow, whether it is an ox, or a sheep, they are for the Lord. 27 But if it is an unclean animal, whoever offers it shall redeem it, according to your estimation, and he shall add a fifth part to the price. If he is not willing to redeem it, it shall be sold to another for whatever amount it was estimated by you. 28 All that is consecrated to the Lord, whether it is a man, or an animal, or a field, shall not be sold; neither is it able to be redeemed. Anything, once it has been consecrated, shall be the Holy of holies to the Lord. 29 And all that has been consecrated, which is offered by man, shall not be redeemed, but shall surely die. 30 All the tithes of the land, whether from the grain, or from the fruits of trees, are for the Lord and are sanctified to him. 31 But if anyone is willing to redeem his tithes, he shall add a fifth part to them. 32 Out of all the tithes of oxen, and sheep, and goats, which cross under the rod of the shepherd, every tenth one that arrives shall be sanctified to the Lord. 33 It shall not be chosen by what is good or bad; neither shall it be exchanged for another. If anyone has exchanged it, both that which was exchanged, and that for which it was exchanged, shall be sanctified to the Lord and shall not be redeemed. 34 These are the precepts, which the Lord commanded Moses for the sons of Israel on mount Sinai.

Verš 25

All estimation shall be weighed according to the shekel of the Sanctuary. A shekel has twenty obols.

Ex 30:13 - Then all those who pass shall give by name: one half shekel, according to the measure at the temple. A shekel has twenty obols. The half part of a shekel shall be offered to the Lord.

Nm 3:47 - you shall take five shekels for each head, by the measure of the Sanctuary. A shekel has twenty obols.

Ez 45:12 - Now the shekel consists of twenty obols. Furthermore, twenty shekels, and twenty-five shekels, and fifteen shekels makes one mina.

Verš 26

The 71 firstborn, which belong to the Lord, no one is able to sanctify or vow, whether it is an ox, or a sheep, they are for the Lord.

Ex 13:2 - “Sanctify to me every firstborn which opens the womb among the sons of Israel, as much of men as of cattle. For they are all mine.”

Ex 22:29 - You shall not delay in paying your tithes and your first-fruits. You shall give the firstborn of your sons to me.

Ex 34:19 - All of the male kind, which open the womb, shall be mine: from all the animals, as much of oxen as of sheep, it shall be mine.

Nm 3:13 - For every firstborn is mine. From the time that I struck the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I have sanctified for myself whatever is born first in Israel. From man, even to beast, they are mine. I am the Lord.”

Nm 8:17 - For all the firstborn of the sons of Israel, as much from men as from beasts, are mine. From the day when I struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I have sanctified them to myself.

Verš 28

All that is consecrated to the Lord, whether it is a man, or an animal, or a field, shall not be sold; neither is it able to be redeemed. Anything, once it has been consecrated, shall be the Holy of holies to the Lord.

Joz 6:18 - But you must be careful that you do not touch any of those things, as you have been instructed, for then you would be guilty of transgression, and all the camp of Israel would be under sin and would be troubled.

Joz 7:13 - Rise up. Sanctify the people. And you shall say to them: ‘Be sanctified tomorrow. For thus says the Lord, the God of Israel: That which is anathema is in your midst, O Israel! You are not able to stand before your enemies, until he who has been contaminated by this wickedness is taken away from you.’

Lv 27,1 - Sľubom uctievame Boha. Neurobiť sľub nie je hriech, lež urobený sľub nedodržať je hriech. Osoba alebo vec, sľúbená Bohu, stáva sa svätou, stáva sa majetkom Pánovým a nemohla sa vykúpiť iba primeranou sumou. Niektoré veci sa nedali vonkoncom vykúpiť (Ex 22,20; Dt 13,15 n.; Joz 7,1 n.; 1 Sam 15,21).

Lv 27,1-7 - Ak niekto sľubom zasvätil Bohu seba alebo svoje dieťa, takýto musel sa vykúpiť, ak nechcel ostať služobníkom vo svätyni. Výkupná cena ustaľovala sa podľa veku a rodu.

Lv 27,9-13 - Ak niekto sľúbil zviera, čo sa mohlo obetovať, musel ho priniesť na obetu. Zviera, čo sa nemohlo obetovať, sa predávalo a kúpna cena sa odvádzala svätyni. Mohol si ho však aj ten ponechať, čo ho bol sľúbil, keď k cene zvieraťa pridal 20 percent kúpnej ceny.

Lv 27,16-19 - Pozemky mali ostať v rodine. Preto, ak sa sľúbilo pole, svätyňa mala nárok len na výnos, a to len do najbližšieho jubilejného roku. Ten však, čo pole zasvätil, čiže sľúbil Pánovi, mohol si ho aj vykúpiť. Chomer bola najväčšia hebrejská miera, obsahovala desať ef, teda 364,4 litrov.

Lv 27,20 - Ak by niekto sľúbené pole predal prv, ako by ho vykúpil, už ho nemôže vykúpiť, ani ho nezíska späť v jubilejnom roku. Predal vec Pánovu, a preto stráca na ňu nárok.

Lv 27,28-29 - Dokonalejší spôsob zasľúbenia bol "chérem", čiže bezvýhradné zasvätenie. Majiteľ sa vzdal práva výkupu. Osoby a veci takto zasvätené bolo možno použiť len k službe svätyni. Zasvätenie pod kliatbou značí, že vec sa musí zničiť, zviera alebo človek usmrtiť. Prekliatie (tiež chérem) mohla však vyhlásiť len verejná autorita. Zasväteniu kliatbou podliehal Izraelita, ak obetoval pohanským bohom (Ex 22,20; Lv 20,2 n.), mesto s obyvateľmi, ak odpadlo k modloslužbe (Dt 13,13–18); aj nad kanaánskymi obyvateľmi, pohanmi, bola vyslovená kliatba záhuby, čiže zasvätenia (Dt 7,1 n.).

Lv 27,30-34 - Aby vyvolený národ nezabudol, že Boh je majiteľom Palestíny, vyhradil si nielen všetky prvotiny, ale aj desiatky a venoval ich kmeňu Léviho za službu vo svätostánku (Nm 18,21). Desiatky sa odvádzali z plodín, ovocia a čistých zvierat. Namiesto desiatkov mohol dať ich cenu. Zvieratá sa rátali tak, že sa vyháňali z košiara a pastier ich palicou rátal. Každé desiate zviera oddelil a nesmel ho ani vymeniť, ani nahradiť lepším alebo horším. Aj za zvieratá mohol dať peňažitú náhradu.