Kniha proroka Jeremiáša

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Jer 31, 1-40

1 “In that time, says the Lord, I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.” 2 Thus says the Lord: “The people who had remained after the sword, found grace in the desert. Israel will go to his rest.” 3 The Lord appeared to me from a distance: “And I have loved you in perpetual charity. Therefore, showing pity, I have drawn you. 4 And I will build you up again. And you shall be built up, O virgin of Israel. Still shall you be adorned with your timbrels, and still shall you go forth to the singing of those who play. 5 Still shall you plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria. The planters will plant, and they will not gather the vintage until the time arrives. 6 For there will be a day on which the guardians on mount Ephraim will cry out: ‘Arise! And let us ascend on Zion to the Lord our God!’ ” 7 For thus says the Lord: “Exult in the joy of Jacob, and neigh before the head of the Gentiles. Shout, and sing, and say: ‘O Lord, save your people, the remnant of Israel!’ 8 Behold, I will lead them from the land of the north, and I will gather them from the ends of the earth. Among them will be the blind and the lame, she who is with child, together with she who is giving birth: a great assembly returning to this place. 9 They will approach with weeping. And I will lead them back with mercy. And I will lead them through the torrents of water, by an upright way, and they will not stumble in it. For I have become Father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.” 10 Listen to the word of the Lord, O Gentiles, and announce it amid the islands that are far away, and say: “Whoever has scattered Israel will gather him, and he will guard him as a shepherd guards his flock.” 11 For the Lord has redeemed Jacob, and he has freed him from the hand of one more powerful. 12 And they will arrive and give praise on Mount Zion. And they will flow together, to the good things of the Lord, over grain, and wine, and oil, and the offspring of cattle and herds. And their soul will be like an irrigated garden, and they will no longer be hungry. 13 Then the virgin will rejoice with singing, the young and the old together, and I will turn their mourning into gladness, and I will console them and gladden them after their sorrow. 14 And I will inebriate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people will be filled with my good things, says the Lord.” 15 Thus says the Lord: “A voice has been heard on high: of lamentation, mourning, and weeping; of Rachel crying for her sons and refusing to be consoled over them, because they are not.” 16 Thus says the Lord: “Let your voice cease from crying and your eyes from tears. For there is a reward for your work, says the Lord. And they will return from the land of the enemy. 17 And there is hope for your very end, says the Lord. And the sons will return to their own borders. 18 Listening, I heard Ephraim going into captivity: ‘You have chastised me, and I was instructed, like a young untamed bull. Convert me, and I shall be converted. For you are the Lord my God. 19 For after you converted me, I did penance. And after you revealed to me, I struck my thigh. I am confounded and ashamed. For I have endured the disgrace of my youth.’ 20 Certainly, Ephraim is an honorable son to me; surely, he is a tender child. For I will still remember him, as in the time when I first spoke about him. Because my heart is stirred up over him, surely I will take pity on him, says the Lord. 21 Establish a watchtower for yourself. Place yourself in bitterness. Direct your heart into the upright way, in which you used to walk. Return, return, O virgin of Israel, to these your cities! 22 How long will you be absorbed in delights, O wandering daughter? For the Lord has created something new upon the earth: a woman will encompass a man.” 23 Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: “Still they will speak this word in the land of Judah, and in its cities, when I will convert their captivity: ‘May the Lord bless you, the beauty of justice, the holy mountain.’ 24 And they will live in it: Judah together with all its cities, the farmer and those who drive the flocks. 25 For I have inebriated the weary soul, and I have satisfied every hungry soul. 26 Over this, I was awakened, as if from a deep sleep. And I saw, and my sleep became sweet to me. 27 Behold, the days are approaching, says the Lord, when I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the offspring of men and with the offspring of cattle. 28 And just as I have watched over them, so that I 445 may root up, and tear down, and scatter, and destroy, and afflict, so will I watch over them, so that I may build and plant them, says the Lord. 29 In those days, they will no longer say: ‘The fathers ate a bitter grape, and the teeth of the sons have been affected.’ 30 Instead, each one will die for his own iniquity. Each man who will have eaten a bitter grape, his own teeth will be affected. 31 Behold, the days are approaching, says the Lord, when I will form a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, 32 not according to the covenant which I made with their fathers, in the day when I took them by the hand, so as to lead them away from the land of Egypt, the covenant which they nullified, though I was the ruler over them, says the Lord. 33 But this will be the covenant that I will form with the house of Israel, after those days, says the Lord: I will give my law to their inner most being, and I will write it upon their heart. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 34 And they will no longer teach, a man his neighbor, and a man his brother, saying: ‘Know the Lord.’ For all will know me, from the littlest of them even to the greatest, says the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will no longer remember their sin. 35 Thus says the Lord, who gives the sun as the light of the day, who puts the moon and the stars in order as the light of the night, who stirs up the sea and makes its waves roar: the Lord of hosts is his name. 36 If these laws fail in my sight, says the Lord, then the offspring of Israel will also fail, so that they will not be a people in my sight for all time.” 37 Thus says the Lord: “If the heavens above are able to be measured, and if the foundations of the earth beneath can be examined, I also will cast aside all the offspring of Israel, because of all that they have done, says the Lord. 38 Behold, the days are approaching, says the Lord, when a city will be built for the Lord from the tower of Hananel, even to the Gate of the Corner; 39 and the measuring line will go on even further in his sight, over the hill of Gareb, and it will encircle Goah 40 and the entire Valley of dead bodies and ashes, and the entire region of death, even to the torrent of Kedron, and to the corner of the Horse Gate to the east. All this will be the holy place of the Lord. It will not be rooted up, and it will not be torn down, anymore, forever.”

Verš 33

But this will be the covenant that I will form with the house of Israel, after those days, says the Lord: I will give my law to their inner most being, and I will write it upon their heart. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people.

Jer 31:1 - “In that time, says the Lord, I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.”

Jer 24:7 - And I will give them a heart, so that they may know me, that I am the Lord. And they will be my people, and I will be their God. For they shall return to me with their whole heart.

Jer 30:22 - And you shall be my people, and I will be your God.”

Verš 34

And they will no longer teach, a man his neighbor, and a man his brother, saying: ‘Know the Lord.’ For all will know me, from the littlest of them even to the greatest, says the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will no longer remember their sin.

Iz 54:13 - All your children will be taught by the Lord. And great will be the peace of your children.

Jn 6:45 - It has been written in the Prophets: ‘And they shall all be taught by God.’ Everyone who has listened and learned from the Father comes to me.

Jer 33:8 - And I will cleanse them from all their iniquity, by which they have sinned against me. And I will forgive all their iniquities, by which they have offended against me and have despised me.

Mi 7:18 - What God is like you, who takes away iniquity and passes over the sin of the remnant of your inheritance? No longer will he send forth his fury, because he is willing to be merciful.

Sk 10:43 - To him all the Prophets offer testimony that through his name all who believe in him receive the remission of sins.”

Verš 35

Thus says the Lord, who gives the sun as the light of the day, who puts the moon and the stars in order as the light of the night, who stirs up the sea and makes its waves roar: the Lord of hosts is his name.

Gn 1:16 - And God made two great lights: a greater light, to rule over the day, and a lesser light, to rule over the night, along with the stars.

Iz 51:15 - But I am the Lord, your God, who stirs up the sea, and who makes the waves swell. The Lord of hosts is my name.

Verš 4

And I will build you up again. And you shall be built up, O virgin of Israel. Still shall you be adorned with your timbrels, and still shall you go forth to the singing of those who play.

Jer 30:19 - And praise will go forth from them, with the voice of those who play. And I will multiply them, and they will not be lessened. And I will glorify them, and they will not be weakened.

Verš 5

Still shall you plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria. The planters will plant, and they will not gather the vintage until the time arrives.

Iz 65:21 - And they will build houses, and will inhabit them. And they will plant vineyards, and will eat their fruits.

Verš 6

For there will be a day on which the guardians on mount Ephraim will cry out: ‘Arise! And let us ascend on Zion to the Lord our God!’ ”

Iz 2:2 - And in the last days, the mountain of the house of the Lord will be prepared at the summit of the mountains, and it will be exalted above the hills, and all the nations shall flow to it.

Mi 4:2 - And many nations will hurry, and will say: “Come, let us ascend to the mountain of the Lord and to the house of the God of Jacob. And he will teach us about his ways, and we will walk in his paths.” For the law will go forth from Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.

Verš 8

Behold, I will lead them from the land of the north, and I will gather them from the ends of the earth. Among them will be the blind and the lame, she who is with child, together with she who is giving birth: a great assembly returning to this place.

Jer 3:18 - In those days, the house of Judah will go to the house of Israel, and they will come from the land of the north, at the same time, to the land that I gave to your fathers.

Verš 9

They will approach with weeping. And I will lead them back with mercy. And I will lead them through the torrents of water, by an upright way, and they will not stumble in it. For I have become Father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.”

Ex 4:22 - And you shall say to him: ‘Thus says the Lord: Israel is my firstborn son.

Verš 11

For the Lord has redeemed Jacob, and he has freed him from the hand of one more powerful.

Iz 40:10 - Behold, the Lord God will arrive in strength, and his arm will rule. Behold, his reward is with him, and his work is before him.

Iz 49:24 - Can prey be taken from the strong? Or is anything taken captive by the powerful able to be saved?

Verš 12

And they will arrive and give praise on Mount Zion. And they will flow together, to the good things of the Lord, over grain, and wine, and oil, and the offspring of cattle and herds. And their soul will be like an irrigated garden, and they will no longer be hungry.

Iz 61:11 - For as the earth brings forth its seedlings and the garden produces its seeds, so will the Lord God bring forth justice and praise in the sight of all the nations.

Verš 15

Thus says the Lord: “A voice has been heard on high: of lamentation, mourning, and weeping; of Rachel crying for her sons and refusing to be consoled over them, because they are not.”

Mt 2:17 - Then what was spoken through the prophet Jeremiah was fulfilled, saying:

Verš 18

Listening, I heard Ephraim going into captivity: ‘You have chastised me, and I was instructed, like a young untamed bull. Convert me, and I shall be converted. For you are the Lord my God.

Nár 5:21 - Convert us, O Lord, to you, and we shall be converted. Renew our days, as from the beginning.

Verš 19

For after you converted me, I did penance. And after you revealed to me, I struck my thigh. I am confounded and ashamed. For I have endured the disgrace of my youth.’

Dt 30:2 - and when you will have returned to him, so as to obey his commandments, just as I have instructed you this day, with your sons, with your whole heart and with your whole soul,

Verš 23

Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: “Still they will speak this word in the land of Judah, and in its cities, when I will convert their captivity: ‘May the Lord bless you, the beauty of justice, the holy mountain.’

Jer 50:7 - All whom they have found, they have devoured. And their enemies have said: ‘We have not sinned. For it is they who have sinned against the Lord, the beauty of justice, and against the Lord, the hope of their fathers.’

Verš 29

In those days, they will no longer say: ‘The fathers ate a bitter grape, and the teeth of the sons have been affected.’

Ez 18:2 - “Why is it that you circulate among 476 yourselves this parable, as a proverb in the land of Israel, saying: ‘The fathers ate a bitter grape, and the teeth of the sons have been affected.’

Verš 31

Behold, the days are approaching, says the Lord, when I will form a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah,

Heb 8:8 - For, finding fault with them, he says: “Behold, the days shall arrive, says the Lord, when I will consummate a New Testament over the house of Israel and the house of Judah,

Jer 31,2 - V národnom nešťastí nezahynú všetci; tí, čo ostanú, pôjdu zo zajatia cez sýrsku púšť do zasľúbenej zeme, ako kedysi z Egypta išli do nej cez púšť sinajskú.

Jer 31,3 - "Zjavil sa mu" prekladáme podľa LXX. Dnešný hebrejský text a s ním aj Vulg číta mylne: "Zjavil sa mi".

Jer 31,6 - Pri obnovení Izraela sa národ zasa zjednotí: severná krajina, zvaná aj Efraim, s radosťou sa pripojí k Sionu, ktorý bol v Južnom kráľovstve.

Jer 31,14 - "Opojím dušu kňazov hojnosťou" znie doslovne: "Opojím dušu kňazov tukom", čo znamená, že národ bude v hojnosti prinášať obety, takže ani kňazi nebudú trpieť núdzu. Množstvo obetí, pravda, predpokladá hojnosť.

Jer 31,15 - Prorok predstavuje tu obrazne Ráchel, manželku Jakubovu, ako matku celého národa. Bola matkou Jozefa a Benjamína. Od Jozefa pochádzajú dva severné kmene, Efraim a Manasses; kmeň Benjamínov zasa bol na území Južného kráľovstva a hlavné mesto národa, Jeruzalem, ktorý bol aj stredom jeho náboženského kultu, bol na území tohto kmeňa. (Podľa Gn 35,19 – porov. 1 Sam 10,2 – hrob Ráchel bol asi 2 km severne od Betlehema.) Podľa Jer 40,1 v Ráme, dnes Er-Ram asi 8 km severne od Jeruzalema, zhromažďovali Babylonci po páde Jeruzalema Izraelitov, ktorých chceli odviesť do zajatia. Prorok básnicky opisuje, ako Ráchel narieka nad svojimi nešťastnými synmi. – Podľa Mt 2,18 bol tento obrazný nárek Ráchel aj predobrazom náreku betlehemských matiek nad deťmi, ktoré dal povraždiť Herodes.

Jer 31,19 - "Biť si stehno" je prejav veľkého žiaľu.

Jer 31,21 - Prorok žiada národ, aby na ceste, ktorou ide do zajatia, postavil kamene a stĺpy, aby vedel, kadiaľ sa má zo zajatia vrátiť.

Jer 31,22 - Výklad výrazu: "Žena obkľúči muža" je veľmi ťažký a neistý. Bude asi znamenať, že žena bude zahrňovať svojho manžela prejavmi priazne a lásky; alebo ešte skôr, že sa žena bude usilovať znovu si získať priazeň manžela, ktorú stratila. Tento zmysel by sa hodil aj do súvisu: Izrael (žena), bude sa v časoch obnovy usilovať získať si priazeň a lásku Boha (manžela: porov. pozn. k Iz 50,1 n.). Bude to ozaj vec nová, lebo doteraz bol Izrael manželkou nevernou.

Jer 31,26 - I keď pochádza od Jeremiáša, vložil ho niekto medzi jeho diela na nesprávne miesto.

Jer 31,28 - Pozri pozn. k 1,10.11; porov. 44,27; Bar 2,9.

Jer 31,29 - Toto porekadlo bolo bežné (Ez 18).

Jer 31,31-34 - Opis novej zmluvy je jedným z najkrajších miest nielen Jeremiáša, ale celého Starého zákona. Nová zmluva bude mať ráz duchovný, vnútorný, bude napísaná do sŕdc ľudí (2 Kor 3,3; porov. Hebr 8,8-12).

Jer 31,38 - Veža Chananel bola v severovýchodnej (Neh 3,1; 12,39; Zach 14,10), Rožná brána však v severozápadnej časti Jeruzalema (2 Kr 14,13; 2 Krn 26,9; Zach 14,10).

Jer 31,39 - Miestopisné mená Goa a Gareb sú nám ináč neznáme.

Jer 31,40 - Údolie, ktoré sa tu spomína, je údolie Ben Hinom (pozri pozn. k Iz 30,33). I miesta, ktoré boli kedysi poškvrnené ľudskými obetami, budú v Novom Jeruzaleme zasvätené Pánovi. Na tomto je vlastne celý dôraz pri opisovaní hlavného mesta novej Božej ríše. Tu opísaný Jeruzalem je len obrazom tejto ríše, v ktorej sa všetko bude musieť zasvätiť Bohu. – Mnohí tento opis mesta (verše 38-40) pokladajú za nepôvodný, lebo nepovažujú za možné, žeby Jeremiáš po opise duchovnej Božej ríše a nového národa bol takýmito hmotnými farbami opísal Nový Jeruzalem. – O Konskej bráne pozri 2 Kr 11,16, porov. Neh 3,27 n.