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Kniha Exodus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(KJV - Anglický - King James)

Ex 12, 1-51

1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. 3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: 4 And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. 5 Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: 6 And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. 7 And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. 8 And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. 9 Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. 10 And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. 11 And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD's passover. 12 For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. 13 And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. 14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever. 15 Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel. 16 And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you. 17 And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever. 18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even. 19 Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land. 20 Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread. 21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover. 22 And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. 23 For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you. 24 And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever. 25 And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service. 26 And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service? 27 That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD's passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped. 28 And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. 29 And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharoah that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. 30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. 31 And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. 32 Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also. 33 And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men. 34 And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders. 35 And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: 36 And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians. 37 And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children. 38 And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. 39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual. 40 Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. 41 And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt. 42 It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations. 43 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof: 44 But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof. 45 A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof. 46 In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof. 47 All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 48 And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. 49 One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you. 50 Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. 51 And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

Ex 12, 1-51





Verš 35
And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment:
Ex 3:21 - And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: and it shall come to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go empty:
Ex 11:2 - Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold.
Ž 105:37 - He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and there was not one feeble person among their tribes.

Verš 5
Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats:
Lv 1:3 - If his offering be a burnt sacrifice of the herd, let him offer a male without blemish: he shall offer it of his own voluntary will at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD.
Lv 22:21 - And whosoever offereth a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD to accomplish his vow, or a freewill offering in beeves or sheep, it shall be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no blemish therein.
Mal 1:8 - And if ye offer the blind for sacrifice, is it not evil? and if ye offer the lame and sick, is it not evil? offer it now unto thy governor; will he be pleased with thee, or accept thy person? saith the LORD of hosts.
1Pt 1:19 - But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot:

Verš 8
And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
Nm 9:11 - The fourteenth day of the second month at even they shall keep it, and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
1Kor 5:8 - Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

Verš 46
In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.
Nm 9:12 - They shall leave none of it unto the morning, nor break any bone of it: according to all the ordinances of the passover they shall keep it.
Jn 19:36 - For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.

Verš 14
And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.
Ex 5:1 - And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness.

Verš 40
Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
Gn 15:13 - And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
Sk 7:6 - And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.
Gal 3:17 - And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.

Verš 18
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.
Lv 23:5 - In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD's passover.
Nm 28:16 - And in the fourteenth day of the first month is the passover of the LORD.

Verš 20
Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread.
Dt 16:3 - Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction; for thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste: that thou mayest remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all the days of thy life.

Verš 21
Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover.
Heb 11:28 - Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them.

Verš 23
For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you.
Heb 11:28 - Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them.

Verš 26
And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service?
Joz 4:6 - That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?

Verš 28
And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.
Heb 11:28 - Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them.

Verš 29
And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharoah that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.
Ž 78:51 - And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:
Ž 105:36 - He smote also all the firstborn in their land, the chief of all their strength.
Ž 135:8 - Who smote the firstborn of Egypt, both of man and beast.
Ž 136:10 - To him that smote Egypt in their firstborn: for his mercy endureth for ever:

Verš 30
And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead.
Ž 105:8 - He hath remembered his covenant for ever, the word which he commanded to a thousand generations.

Ex 12,1 - Nariadenie o pasche, čiže o slávení sviatku Veľkej noci, nedal Boh Mojžišovi po poslednej návšteve u faraóna, ale už niekedy prv, azda ešte začiatkom mesiaca nisana (alebo abíba), lebo spolu sa určuje aj to, že tento mesiac bude prvým mesiacom v roku. Nariadenie o pasche stalo sa teda pred de- siatym dňom a pred záhubou prvorodených. Lež svätopisec rozpravu o nariadení uvádza osve, aby nerušil rozprávanie o ranách. Začína nový úsek dejín Izraela, preto Boh mení aj začiatok ich roku. Doteraz sa rok u Izraelitov začínal mesiacom tišri (sept. – okt.), odteraz nový rok (náboženského kalendára) bude sa začínať na jar mesiacom siedmym (abíb – mesiac klasov, ktorý padal na jarnú rovnodennosť, teda marec – apríl). V Pentateuchu sa siedmy mesiac volá ešte starším názvom abíb, neskoršie dostáva meno nisan.

Ex 12,6 - V podvečer, doslovne medzi dvoma večermi. U Izraelitov sa deň končil západom slnka a vtedy nastával prvý večer. Východom večernice (Venuše) začínal sa nasledujúci deň a to bol druhý večer. Teda baránka mali obetovať 14. abíba v čase medzi západom slnka a východom večernice – v podvečer. Neskoršie v tento čas prinášala sa každodenná celostná žertva (Ex 29,39.41).

Ex 12,8 - Baránok sa zje v noci zo 14. na 15. abíb.

Ex 12,10-14 - Z baránka nesmie nič ostať, celý sa musí zjesť alebo potom spáliť, aby nedošlo k jeho zneucteniu, lebo Izraeliti po jeho zjedení odídu z Egypta. – Slávnosť veľkonočného baránka v Egypte má tú zvláštnosť, že sa predpisuje účastníkom, aby boli pripravení na cestu. Majú mať opásané bedrá atď. – Pascha je z hebrejského slova pesach a značí ,prechod'. Znamená, že Pán, keď prechádzal Egyptom a hubil prvorodených, popri izraelských domoch prešiel a ušetril ich od pohromy, pretože domy izraelské boli označené baránkovou krvou. Neskoršie pascha značí nielen prechod, ale aj veľkonočného baránka a samotnú veľkonočnú slávnosť, Veľkú noc.

Ex 12,15 - Príkaz jesť za sedem dní nekvasené chleby má symbolický význam. Znamená nový život, očistený od kvasu hriechov (1 Kor 5,8) a pripomína aj to, že Izraeliti narýchlo odišli z Egypta, keď už nemali kedy zaprávať na chlieb (Lv 23,6; Nm 28,7). "Vyhladený z Izraela" znamená nie usmrtený, ale vyobcovaný spomedzi Izraelitov.

Ex 12,22 - Yzop, písaný prv aj hyzop, nie je obyčajný yzop (Hysopus officinalis), ktorý nerastie v Palestíne, ale je to pyskatá rastlina, podobná rozkvitnutej chabzde. Chlpatými stonkami a vetvičkami pod kvetným kalichom môže nachytať hodne tekutiny. Rastie hojne v Palestíne: na skalnatých miestach a na rovnej kamenistej streche orientálnych domčekov. Zväzok yzopových vetvičiek mohol nahradiť naše kropidlo.

Ex 12,23 - Hubiteľ je anjel, ktorý je nástrojom Božím, čo bude hubiť prvorodených.

Ex 12,37 - "Šesťstotisíc mužov"– tento nadsadený počet môže reprezentovať počet všetkého izraelského ľudu v čase, keď sa tento biblický text (jahvistický prameň – J) zrodil (r. 950 pr. Kr.).

Ex 12,38 - Všelijaký ľud – to sú príslušníci iných národov: Arabi, Hyksósovia atď., ktorí mali dobrú príležitosť odísť z Egypta (Nm 11,4; Dt 29,10).