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Kniha Exodus

Biblia - Sväté písmo

(CPDV - Anglický - Catholic PD)

Ex 12, 1-51

1 The Lord also said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: 2 “This month will be for you the beginning of the months. It will be first in the months of the year. 3 Speak to the entire assembly of the sons of Israel, and say to them: On the tenth day of this month, let everyone take a lamb, by their families and houses. 4 But if the number is less than may suffice to be able to consume the lamb, he shall accept his neighbor, who has been joined with his house according to the number of souls that may suffice to be able to eat the lamb. 5 And it shall be a lamb without blemish, a one year old male. According to this rite, you shall also take a young goat. 6 And you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month. And the entire multitude of the sons of Israel shall immolate it toward evening. 7 And they shall take from its blood, and place it on both the door posts and the upper threshold of the houses, in which they will consume it. 8 And that night they shall eat the flesh, roasted by fire, and unleavened bread with wild lettuce. 9 You shall not consume anything from it raw, nor boiled in water, but only roasted by fire. You shall devour the head with its feet and entrails. 10 Neither shall there remain anything from it until morning. If anything will have been left over, you shall burn it with fire. 11 Now you shall consume it in this way: You shall gird your waist, and you shall have shoes on your feet, holding staves in your hands, and you shall consume it in haste. For it is the Passover (that is, the Crossing) of the Lord. 12 And I will cross through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from man, even to cattle. And I will bring 37 judgments against all the gods of Egypt. I am the Lord. 13 But the blood will be for you as a sign in the buildings where you will be. And I will see the blood, and I will pass over you. And the plague will not be with you to destroy, when I strike the land of Egypt. 14 Then you shall have this day as a memorial, and you shall celebrate it as a solemnity to the Lord, in your generations, as an everlasting devotion. 15 For seven days, you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day there shall be no leaven in your houses. Whoever will consume anything leavened, from the first day, even until the seventh day, that soul shall perish from Israel. 16 The first day shall be holy and solemn, and the seventh day shall be venerated with the same festivity. You shall do no work in these days, except that which pertains to the eating. 17 And you shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. For on this same day, I will lead your army out of the land of Egypt, and you shall keep this day, in your generations, as a perpetual ritual. 18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, toward evening, you shall consume the unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the same month, toward evening. 19 For seven days, there shall not be found leaven in your houses. Whoever will eat leaven, his soul will perish from the assembly of Israel, as much with the newcomers as with the natives of the land. 20 You shall not consume any leaven. In all your dwelling places, you shall eat unleavened bread.” 21 Then Moses called all the elders of the sons of Israel, and he said to them: “Go, taking an animal by your families, and sacrifice the Passover. 22 And dip a little bundle of hyssop in the blood which is at the entrance, and sprinkle the upper threshold with it, and both of the door posts. Let none of you go out of the door of his house until morning. 23 For the Lord will cross through, striking the Egyptians. And when he will see the blood on the upper threshold, and on both the door posts, he will pass over the door of the house and not permit the Striker to enter into your houses or to do harm. 24 You shall keep this word as a law for you and for your sons, forever. 25 And when you have entered into the land that the Lord will give to you, just as he has promised, you shall observe these ceremonies. 26 And when your sons will say to you, ‘What is the meaning of this religious observance?’ 27 You shall say to them: ‘It is the victim of the crossing of the Lord, when he passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, striking the Egyptians, and freeing our houses.’ ” And the people, bowing down, worshipped. 28 And the sons of Israel, departing, did just as the Lord had instructed Moses and Aaron. 29 Then it happened, in the middle of the night: the Lord struck down every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the captive woman who was in prison, and all the firstborn of the cattle. 30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, and all his servants, and all of Egypt. And there arose a great outcry in Egypt. For there was not a house in which no one lay dead. 31 And Pharaoh, calling Moses and Aaron in the night, said: “Rise up and go forth from among my people, you and the sons of Israel. Go, sacrifice to the Lord, just as you say. 32 Your sheep and herds take along with you, as you requested, and as you go away, bless me.” 33 And the Egyptians urged the people to go away from the land quickly, saying, “We will all die.” 34 Therefore, the people took bread dough before it was leavened. And tying it in their cloaks, they placed it on their shoulders. 35 And the sons of Israel did just as Moses had instructed. And they petitioned the Egyptians for vessels of silver and of gold, and very many garments. 36 Then the Lord granted favor to the people in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they bestowed on them. And they despoiled the Egyptians. 37 And the sons of Israel set out from Rameses to Soccoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides little ones. 38 But also an innumerable mix of common people ascended with them, sheep and herds and animals of diverse kinds, exceedingly many. 39 And they baked the bread, which a little while ago they had taken out of Egypt as dough. And they made unleavened bread baked under ashes. For it was not able to be leavened, with the Egyptians compelling them to leave and not permitting them to cause any delay. Neither did they have occasion to prepare any meat. 40 Now the habitation of the sons of Israel, while they remained in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. 41 Having been completed, on the same day all the army of the Lord departed from the land of Egypt. 42 This night is a worthy observance of the Lord, when he led them out of the land of Egypt. This all the sons of Israel must observe in their generations. 43 And the Lord said to Moses and to Aaron: “This is the religious observance of the Passover. No foreigner shall eat from it. 44 But every bought servant shall be circumcised, and so he may eat from it. 45 The newcomer and the hired hand shall not eat from it. 46 In one house it shall be eaten; you shall not carry its flesh outside, nor shall you break its bone. 47 The entire assembly of the sons of Israel shall do this. 48 And if any sojourner will be willing to cross over into your settlement, and to keep the Passover of the Lord, all his males shall first be circumcised, and then he shall celebrate the rite. And he shall be just like a native of the land. But if any man is not circumcised, he shall not eat from it. 49 The law shall be the same for the native born and for the settler who sojourns with you.” 50 And all the sons of Israel did just as the Lord had instructed Moses and Aaron. 51 And on the same day, the Lord led the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their companies.

Ex 12, 1-51





Verš 35
And the sons of Israel did just as Moses had instructed. And they petitioned the Egyptians for vessels of silver and of gold, and very many garments.
Ex 3:21 - And I will grant favor to this people in the sight of the Egyptians. And so, when you go forth, you shall not go out empty.
Ex 11:2 - Therefore, you will tell all the people to ask, a man of his friend, and a woman of her neighbor, for vessels of silver and of gold.
Ž 105:37 - And they sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons.

Verš 5
And it shall be a lamb without blemish, a one year old male. According to this rite, you shall also take a young goat.
Lv 1:3 - if his offering will be a holocaust, as well as from the herd, he shall offer an immaculate male at the door of the tabernacle of the testimony, to make himself pleasing to the Lord.
Lv 22:21 - The man who will have offered a victim of peace offerings to the Lord, either fulfilling his vows or offering spontaneously, whether of oxen, or of sheep, shall offer what is immaculate, so that it may be acceptable. There shall be no blemish in it.
Mal 1:8 - If you offer the blind for sacrifice, is this not evil? And if you offer the lame and the sick, is this not evil? Offer it to your leader, if he will be pleased with it, or if he will accept your face, says the Lord of hosts.
1Pt 1:19 - but it was with the precious blood of Christ, an immaculate and undefiled lamb,

Verš 8
And that night they shall eat the flesh, roasted by fire, and unleavened bread with wild lettuce.
Nm 9:11 - In the second month, on the fourteenth day of the month, in the evening, they shall eat it with unleavened bread and wild lettuce.
1Kor 5:8 - And so, let us feast, not with the old leaven, not with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

Verš 46
In one house it shall be eaten; you shall not carry its flesh outside, nor shall you break its bone.
Nm 9:12 - They shall not leave behind any of it until morning, and they shall not break a bone of it; they shall observe all the rituals of the Passover.
Jn 19:36 - For these things happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: “You shall not break a bone of him.”

Verš 14
Then you shall have this day as a memorial, and you shall celebrate it as a solemnity to the Lord, in your generations, as an everlasting devotion.
Ex 5:1 - After these things, Moses and Aaron entered, and they said to Pharaoh: “Thus says the Lord God of Israel: Release my people, so that they may sacrifice to me in the desert.”

Verš 40
Now the habitation of the sons of Israel, while they remained in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
Gn 15:13 - And it was said to him: “Know beforehand that your future offspring will be sojourners in a land not their own, and they will subjugate them in servitude and afflict them for four hundred years.
Sk 7:6 - Then God told him that his offspring would be a settler in a foreign land, and that they would subjugate them, and treat them badly, for four hundred years.
Gal 3:17 - But I say this: the testament confirmed by God, which, after four hundred and thirty years became the Law, does not nullify, so as to make the promise empty.

Verš 18
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, toward evening, you shall consume the unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the same month, toward evening.
Lv 23:5 - The first month, the fourteenth day of the month, at evening, is the Passover of the Lord.
Nm 28:16 - Then, in the first month, the fourteenth day of the month shall be the Passover of the Lord.

Verš 20
You shall not consume any leaven. In all your dwelling places, you shall eat unleavened bread.”
Dt 16:3 - You shall not eat it with leavened bread. For seven days you shall eat, without leaven, the bread of affliction. For you departed from Egypt in fear. So may you remember the day of your departure from Egypt, throughout all the days of your life.

Verš 21
Then Moses called all the elders of the sons of Israel, and he said to them: “Go, taking an animal by your families, and sacrifice the Passover.
Heb 11:28 - By faith, he celebrated the Passover and the shedding of the blood, so that he who destroyed the firstborn might not touch them.

Verš 23
For the Lord will cross through, striking the Egyptians. And when he will see the blood on the upper threshold, and on both the door posts, he will pass over the door of the house and not permit the Striker to enter into your houses or to do harm.
Heb 11:28 - By faith, he celebrated the Passover and the shedding of the blood, so that he who destroyed the firstborn might not touch them.

Verš 26
And when your sons will say to you, ‘What is the meaning of this religious observance?’
Joz 4:6 - so that it may be a sign among you. And when your sons will ask you, tomorrow, saying, ‘What do these stones mean to you?’

Verš 28
And the sons of Israel, departing, did just as the Lord had instructed Moses and Aaron.
Heb 11:28 - By faith, he celebrated the Passover and the shedding of the blood, so that he who destroyed the firstborn might not touch them.

Verš 29
Then it happened, in the middle of the night: the Lord struck down every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the captive woman who was in prison, and all the firstborn of the cattle.
Ž 78:51 -
Ž 105:36 - and they served their graven images, and it became a scandal to them.
Ž 135:8 - the sun to rule the day, for his mercy is eternal:
Ž 136:10 -

Verš 30
And Pharaoh rose up in the night, and all his servants, and all of Egypt. And there arose a great outcry in Egypt. For there was not a house in which no one lay dead.
Ž 105:8 - And he saved them for the sake of his name, so that he might make known his power.

Ex 12,1 - Nariadenie o pasche, čiže o slávení sviatku Veľkej noci, nedal Boh Mojžišovi po poslednej návšteve u faraóna, ale už niekedy prv, azda ešte začiatkom mesiaca nisana (alebo abíba), lebo spolu sa určuje aj to, že tento mesiac bude prvým mesiacom v roku. Nariadenie o pasche stalo sa teda pred de- siatym dňom a pred záhubou prvorodených. Lež svätopisec rozpravu o nariadení uvádza osve, aby nerušil rozprávanie o ranách. Začína nový úsek dejín Izraela, preto Boh mení aj začiatok ich roku. Doteraz sa rok u Izraelitov začínal mesiacom tišri (sept. – okt.), odteraz nový rok (náboženského kalendára) bude sa začínať na jar mesiacom siedmym (abíb – mesiac klasov, ktorý padal na jarnú rovnodennosť, teda marec – apríl). V Pentateuchu sa siedmy mesiac volá ešte starším názvom abíb, neskoršie dostáva meno nisan.

Ex 12,6 - V podvečer, doslovne medzi dvoma večermi. U Izraelitov sa deň končil západom slnka a vtedy nastával prvý večer. Východom večernice (Venuše) začínal sa nasledujúci deň a to bol druhý večer. Teda baránka mali obetovať 14. abíba v čase medzi západom slnka a východom večernice – v podvečer. Neskoršie v tento čas prinášala sa každodenná celostná žertva (Ex 29,39.41).

Ex 12,8 - Baránok sa zje v noci zo 14. na 15. abíb.

Ex 12,10-14 - Z baránka nesmie nič ostať, celý sa musí zjesť alebo potom spáliť, aby nedošlo k jeho zneucteniu, lebo Izraeliti po jeho zjedení odídu z Egypta. – Slávnosť veľkonočného baránka v Egypte má tú zvláštnosť, že sa predpisuje účastníkom, aby boli pripravení na cestu. Majú mať opásané bedrá atď. – Pascha je z hebrejského slova pesach a značí ,prechod'. Znamená, že Pán, keď prechádzal Egyptom a hubil prvorodených, popri izraelských domoch prešiel a ušetril ich od pohromy, pretože domy izraelské boli označené baránkovou krvou. Neskoršie pascha značí nielen prechod, ale aj veľkonočného baránka a samotnú veľkonočnú slávnosť, Veľkú noc.

Ex 12,15 - Príkaz jesť za sedem dní nekvasené chleby má symbolický význam. Znamená nový život, očistený od kvasu hriechov (1 Kor 5,8) a pripomína aj to, že Izraeliti narýchlo odišli z Egypta, keď už nemali kedy zaprávať na chlieb (Lv 23,6; Nm 28,7). "Vyhladený z Izraela" znamená nie usmrtený, ale vyobcovaný spomedzi Izraelitov.

Ex 12,22 - Yzop, písaný prv aj hyzop, nie je obyčajný yzop (Hysopus officinalis), ktorý nerastie v Palestíne, ale je to pyskatá rastlina, podobná rozkvitnutej chabzde. Chlpatými stonkami a vetvičkami pod kvetným kalichom môže nachytať hodne tekutiny. Rastie hojne v Palestíne: na skalnatých miestach a na rovnej kamenistej streche orientálnych domčekov. Zväzok yzopových vetvičiek mohol nahradiť naše kropidlo.

Ex 12,23 - Hubiteľ je anjel, ktorý je nástrojom Božím, čo bude hubiť prvorodených.

Ex 12,37 - "Šesťstotisíc mužov"– tento nadsadený počet môže reprezentovať počet všetkého izraelského ľudu v čase, keď sa tento biblický text (jahvistický prameň – J) zrodil (r. 950 pr. Kr.).

Ex 12,38 - Všelijaký ľud – to sú príslušníci iných národov: Arabi, Hyksósovia atď., ktorí mali dobrú príležitosť odísť z Egypta (Nm 11,4; Dt 29,10).